Population trends of penguins in the French Southern Territories

Chloroform (CHCl3) Emissions From Coastal Antarctic Tundra

“…However, it may have a relatively greater influence on local CHCl 3 concentrations, especially given the relatively small portion of the troposphere in the Antarctic region. On the other hand, the rapid warming of the Antarctic continent is expanding the area of ice‐free tundra and influencing the size of penguin populations and colonies (Barbraud et al., 2020; Lee et al., 2017; Lyver et al., 2014). Hence, the relative contribution to atmospheric CHCl 3 from tundra ecosystems will vary in response to these changes in the future.…”

Taxonomy based on limited genomic markers may underestimate species diversity of rockhopper penguins and threaten their conservation

“…Overall, while populations of both species are decreasing, E. filholi has experienced particularly severe population contractions over recent decades (BirdLife International, 2020a). Whereas some authors suggest that the largest E. chrysocome breeding colony in the Falkland/ Malvinas Islands has increased (Baylis et al, 2013), E. filholi populations have significantly declined across most of the species distributional range, including Marion (Crawford et al, 2003), Campbell (Morrison et al, 2015) and Crozet islands (Barbraud et al, 2020).…”

Factors affecting adult body condition in the endangered northern rockhopper penguin

“…Northern rockhopper penguins were studied at Amsterdam Island (37°50′ S; 77°33′ E) in the southern Indian Ocean, located just north of the SubTropical Front (STF; Graham and De Boer 2013). The entire population of Amsterdam Island (12, 000 breeding pairs representing 5-10% of global population and 62% of the Indian Ocean population; Bird-Life International 2018; Barbraud et al 2020) breeds in several and separate sub-colonies in the area of the Entrecasteaux cliffs (Jaeger et al 2018). Males arrive at the breeding colonies during the second half of July and females during the first half of August (Duroselle and Tollu 1977;Tollu 1978;Thiebot et al 2014b).…”

“…Eudyptes are the largest genus by number of species, and are amongst the most threatened with six of seven species being globally threatened (Borboroglu and Boersma 2013;BirdLife International 2018). Most Eudyptes penguin species are endangered exhibiting recent dramatic population decline mainly due to climateinduced reduction in prey availability or quality, causing nutritional stress and low demographic rates (BirdLife International 2018; Crawford et al 2009;Hiscock and Chilvers 2014;Trathan et al 2015;Morrison et al 2015;Barbraud et al 2020). Among the major current threats identified for Eudyptes penguins are climate change (increasing sea surface temperature, wind regime changes or extreme weather conditions) and environmental variability often resulting in shifts in marine food webs (Guinard et al 1998;Barlow et al 2002;Hilton et al 2006;Dehnhard et al 2013a, b;Horswill et al 2014;Demongin et al 2010;Wolfaardt et al 2012), although the availability of resources exploited by fisheries and the increase in predation pressure (i.e., by giant petrels Macronectes spp.…”

“…The global population of northern rockhopper penguins (Eudyptes moseleyi, Mathews and Iredale, 1921), an endangered species breeding on seven remote islands in the temperate South Atlantic and southern Indian oceans, experienced severe declines during recent decades (57% over the past 37 years; Cuthbert et al 2009;Birdlife International 2018;Barbraud et al 2020). The population of northern rockhopper penguins breeding at Amsterdam Island (37°50′ S; 77°33′ E), southern Indian Ocean, has been declining at an average rate of 3-4% per year since the early 1970s (Guinard et al 1998;Barbraud et al 2020) in line with a significant decline of the breeding success since 1997 (Fig. 1, Jaeger et al 2018).…”