Population Structure of the Bacterial Pathogen Xylella fastidiosa among Street Trees in Washington D.C.

Harris, Jordan; Balcì, Y.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0121297

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Although not appropriate for the typing of closely related strains , MLST has been useful at the subspecies level of phylogenetic resolution (Almeida et al 2008;Yuan et al 2010). The portability of the system has allowed for fast identification of epidemic strains (Loconsole et al 2016), as well as host-pathogen associations among sympatric ST (Harris and Balci 2015). MLST was used to identify novel genetic diversity in South America, expanding the number of ST from 6 to 15.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…pauca; in the case of subsp. multiplex, isolates obtained from trees in Washington, DC alone, there are examples of specific ST infecting sycamore or oak, while elm may be infected with two ST (Harris and Balci 2015). On the other hand, almond trees in California may be infected with two distinct subsp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, there are five X. fastidiosa subspecies, largely based on DNA-DNA hybridization and MLST data (Almeida and Nunney 2015). Recent data based on field surveys and experimental research have shown that, within subspecies, there is host-pathogen specificity, especially when symptoms are concerned (Almeida et al 2008;Harris and Balci 2015;Nunney et al 2013). Within X. fastidiosa subsp.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Homologous Recombination and Xylella fastidiosa Host–Pathogen Associations in South America

et al. 2017

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Homologous recombination affects the evolution of bacteria such as Xylella fastidiosa, a naturally competent plant pathogen that requires insect vectors for dispersal. This bacterial species is taxonomically divided into subspecies, with phylogenetic clusters within subspecies that are host specific. One subspecies, pauca, is primarily limited to South America, with the exception of recently reported strains in Europe and Costa Rica. Despite the economic importance of X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca in South America, little is known about its genetic diversity. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) has previously identified six sequence types (ST) among plant samples collected in Brazil (both subsp. pauca and multiplex). Here, we report on a survey of X. fastidiosa genetic diversity (MLST based) performed in six regions in Brazil and two in Argentina, by sampling five different plant species. In addition to the six previously reported ST, seven new subsp. pauca and two new subsp. multiplex ST were identified. The presence of subsp. multiplex in South America is considered to be the consequence of a single introduction from its native range in North America more than 80 years ago. Different phylogenetic approaches clustered the South American ST into four groups, with strains infecting citrus (subsp. pauca); coffee and olive (subsp. pauca); coffee, hibiscus, and plum (subsp. pauca); and plum (subsp. multiplex). In areas where these different genetic clusters occurred sympatrically, we found evidence of homologous recombination in the form of bidirectional allelic exchange between subspp. pauca and multiplex. In fact, the only strain of subsp. pauca isolated from a plum host had an allele that originated from subsp. multiplex. These signatures of bidirectional homologous recombination between endemic and introduced ST indicate that gene flow occurs in short evolutionary time frames in X. fastidiosa, despite the ecological isolation (i.e., host plant species) of genotypes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Homologous Recombination and Xylella fastidiosa Host–Pathogen Associations in South America

et al. 2017

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“…multiplex. For example, comparing native oaks and sycamore, data from Nunney et al (2013) and Harris and Balci (2015) show that ST9 is almost entirely restricted to oaks (84/85 isolates mostly from DC (63/64), but also KY = 14, FL = 4, GA = 2, TN = 1) with just one isolation from sycamore, while ST8 reversed this pattern with 17/21 isolates from sycamore (DC = 14, TX = 2, KY = 1) and just 1 from oak (in KY).…”

Section: Biology Of a Plant And Insect Colonizermentioning

confidence: 99%

How Do Plant Diseases Caused byXylella fastidiosaEmerge?

2015

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Emerging plant diseases frequently have significant economic, environmental, cultural, and social impacts. The prediction of new disease emergence, associated with new pathogens or not, remains a difficult and controversial topic. The main factors driving epidemics are often only identified several years after outbreaks, generally revealing that a limited number of factors are associated with the emergence of specific groups of pathogens. This pattern is illustrated in the insect-borne xylem-limited bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, an organism associated with several new plant diseases in different regions of the globe. Research during the last decade focusing on several severe disease outbreaks has led to substantial changes in our understanding of X. fastidiosa biology, ecology, and evolution. This new information has not only led to new insights into aspects of the biology of this bacterium and its interactions with plant and insect hosts, but also made available a phylogenetic framework that has allowed for better inferences concerning factors leading to the emergence of diseases. Here we identify and discuss these main pathways leading to epidemics caused by X. fastidiosa. Our ultimate goal was to raise critical questions and issues for academics and regulatory agencies alike, since the information generated during the last decade has both raised new questions but also clarified old ones.

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“…There is no known specificity involved in recognition of insect vectors and X. fastidiosa subspecies, as a single insect vector was able to transmit multiple subspecies (Almeida and Nunney 2015). However, host plant specificity has been described between and within subspecies Almeida et al 2008;Harris and Balci 2015;Oliver et al 2014Oliver et al , 2015. Subspecies were believed to be geographically separated, but dissemination of plant materials and insect vectors has led to coexistence of two or more subspecies in the same geographic location (Chen et al 2005;Nunney et al 2010Nunney et al , 2014bParker et al 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

Natural Competence Rates Are Variable Among Xylella fastidiosa Strains and Homologous Recombination Occurs In Vitro Between Subspecies fastidiosa and multiplex

Kandel

Almeida

Cobine

et al. 2017

MPMI

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TitleNatural competence rates are variable among xylella fastidiosa strains and homologous recombination occurs in vitro between subspecies fastidiosa and multiplex Xylella fastidiosa, an etiological agent of emerging crop diseases around the world, is naturally competent for the uptake of DNA from the environment that is incorporated into its genome by homologous recombination. Homologous recombination between subspecies of X. fastidiosa was inferred by in silico studies and was hypothesized to cause disease emergence. However, no experimental data are available on the degree to which X. fastidiosa strains are capable of competence and whether recombination can be experimentally demonstrated between subspecies. Here, using X. fastidiosa strains from different subspecies, natural competence in 11 of 13 strains was confirmed with plasmids containing antibiotic markers flanked by homologous regions and, in three of five strains, with dead bacterial cells used as source of donor DNA. Recombination frequency differed among strains and was correlated to growth rate and twitching motility. Moreover, intersubspecific recombination occurred readily between strains of subsp. fastidiosa and multiplex, as demonstrated by movement of antibiotic resistance and green fluorescent protein from donor to recipient cells and confirmed by DNA sequencing of the flanking arms of recombinant strains. Results demonstrate that natural competence is widespread among X. fastidiosa strains and could have an impact in pathogen adaptation and disease development.

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Population Structure of the Bacterial Pathogen Xylella fastidiosa among Street Trees in Washington D.C.

Cited by 12 publications

References 40 publications

Homologous Recombination and Xylella fastidiosa Host–Pathogen Associations in South America

Homologous Recombination and Xylella fastidiosa Host–Pathogen Associations in South America

How Do Plant Diseases Caused byXylella fastidiosaEmerge?

Natural Competence Rates Are Variable Among Xylella fastidiosa Strains and Homologous Recombination Occurs In Vitro Between Subspecies fastidiosa and multiplex

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