Population Structure of Pacific Cod Gadus macrocephalus in the Southern Part of the Range Based on the Microsatellite Analyses

Смирнова, М. А.; Orlova, S. Yu.; Kalchugin, P. V.; Bójko, Martyna; Park, J. H.; Орлов, А. М.

doi:10.1134/s1022795418060108

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

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“…Pacific cod are found demersally throughout the Western Pacific as far south as the Korean Peninsula, northward to the Bering and Chukchi Sea, throughout the Aleutian Islands and southward along the eastern Pacific as far as northern California. Populations at the southern edges of both the eastern and western Pacific show deep genetic divergence from northern populations (Canino et al, 2010), and studies of neutrally evolving loci have identified moderately genetically differentiated populations of Pacific cod (F ST < 0.02) throughout the North Pacific that display a general isolation-by-distance pattern indicating somewhat limited dispersal (e.g., Cunningham et al, 2009;Drinan et al, 2018;Smirnova et al, 2018Smirnova et al, , 2019).…”

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confidence: 99%

Evidence for selection and spatially distinct patterns found in a putative zona pellucida gene in Pacific cod, and implications for management

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Drinan

Petrou

et al. 2021

Ecology and Evolution

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Genetic differentiation has been observed in marine species even when no obvious barriers to gene flow exist, and understanding such differentiation is essential for effective fisheries management. Highly differentiated outlier loci can provide information on how genetic variation might not only contribute to local adaptation but may also be affected by historical demographic events. A locus which aligned to a predicted zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 3 gene (ZP3) in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) was previously identified as the highest outlier based on F ST in a RADseq study of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) across the West Coast of North America.However, because of the limited length of the RAD sequence and restricted geographic area of sampling, no conclusion on the functional significance of the observed variation was possible. In other marine species, ZP3 is involved in reproductive isolation, local adaptation, and has neofunctionalized as an antifreeze gene, and so it may provide important insights in functional population structure of Pacific cod. Here, we sequenced a 544-bp region of ZP3 in 230 Pacific cod collected from throughout their geographic range. We observed striking patterns of spatial structuring of ZP3 haplotypes, with a sharp break near Kodiak, Alaska, USA where populations within ~200 km of each other are nearly fixed for different haplotypes, contrasting a pattern of isolation by distance at other genetic markers in this region (F ST = 0.003).Phylogenetic analysis of ZP3 haplotypes revealed that the more southern haplotypes appear to be ancestral, with the northern haplotype evolving more recently, potentially in response to a novel selective pressure as Pacific cod recolonized northern latitudes after glaciation. The sharp break in haplotype frequencies suggests strong selective pressures are operating on small spatial scales and illustrates that selection can create high divergence even in marine species with ample opportunities for gene flow.

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