Population Structure of <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> in the Toluca Valley Region of Central Mexico

Grünwald, Niklaus J.; Flier, W.G.; Sturbaum, Anne; Garay‐Serrano, Edith; Bosch, Trudy B. M. van den; Smart, Christine D.; Matuszak, John M.; Lozoya-Saldaña, Héctor; Turkensteen, L. J.; Fry, William E.

doi:10.1094/phyto.2001.91.9.882

Cited by 90 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Lehtinen et al (2008) postulated that sexual reproduction, if present, should break any associations unless the genes for resistance and mating type are closely linked. This hypothesis was extensively tested in P. infestans population studies in central Mexico by Grünwald et al (2001). No association between mating type and metalaxyl resistance was found in sexually reproducing P. infestans populations from both cultivated potatoes and wild Solanum species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population studies on Phytophthora infestans on potatoes and tomatoes in southern Germany

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fifty-seven isolates of Phytophthora infestans from blighted potato foliage were collected in 1995 in southern Germany and analysed for mating type and sensitivity to metalaxyl. Fifty-six of them were characterised as A1 and one as A2 mating types. Resistance to metalaxyl was observed frequently: 53 isolates were resistant, three were partially sensitive, and one was sensitive. In a subsequent field study in 1999, 84 isolates collected from blighted potato and tomato foliage were analysed for mating type. Seventy-two were characterised as A1 and twelve as A2 mating types. The response of 76 isolates to metalaxyl and to propamocarb was tested. The majority (42) of the 76 isolates was classified as resistant to metalaxyl; 31 were partially sensitive and only three isolates were sensitive. The results with propamocarb were less discrete; 10 isolates were classified as resistant and three were clearly sensitive. AFLP fingerprinting was used to examine the genetic structure of the southern German P. infestans population collected in 1999 and indicated that the tested population can be sub-divided into a tomato group, a potato group and a mixed group containing isolates collected from both crops. The presence of Ia and IIa mitochondrial DNA haplotypes indicates that the German P. infestans isolates belong to the new pathogen population that has also been reported in neighbouring regions of Europe. The present study indicates that at the beginning of the season only a few genotypes were present, and the population became genetically more variable at the end of the growing season.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population studies on Phytophthora infestans on potatoes and tomatoes in southern Germany

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several lines of evidence indicate that P. infestans originated in the central highlands of Toluca Mexico (Goodwin et al 1994b;Grünwald et al 2001). The genotypic diversity of pathogen populations from this region is much greater than pathogen populations elsewhere in the world.…”

Section: Evolution Of Late Blight Populations In United States and Camentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent evidence shows a range of mefenoxam resistance among P. infestans US-22 and US-23 genotypes (Wijekoon et al 2014;unpublished data). Studies have shown that a reduced use of fungicides lowers the selection pressure for mefonaxam-resistant strains and mixture with a contact fungicide improves efficacy and may slow the development of resistance to mefonoxam (Dowley and O'Sullivan 1985;Grünwald et al 2001;Samouch and Cohen 1986). Also, reduced fungicide usage was associated with the recurrence of mefenoxam-sensitive strains.…”

Section: Evolution Of Late Blight Populations In United States and Camentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and Management of the Irish Potato Famine Pathogen Phytophthora Infestans in Canada and the United States

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, is the most historically significant and economically destructive disease of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). In addition to potato, P. infestans can also infect tomato and some other members of the Solanaceae, and this has contributed to the recent late blight epidemic in Canada and the United States. Propagation of P. infestans in Canada and the United States has been mainly through asexual reproduction and this has led to the development of several dominant clonal lineages. Various P. infestans markers have been developed that are invaluable in monitoring the evolution and movement of these P. infestans genotypes. Population diversity and disease incidence has increased through the development of systemic fungicide insensitivity and the transcontinental shipment of the pathogen on late blight infected potato tubers and tomato plantlets. Introduction of the P. infestans A2 mating type to several regions of Canada and the United States has also increased the opportunity for sexual reproduction and recombination, potentially contributing to greater P. infestans genetic diversity and pathogenicity. Advances in P. infestans molecular analysis have revealed a complex pathogen with a genome capable of evolving relatively quickly. Management of late blight will therefore require new, multifaceted strategies which include monitoring pathogen evolution and implementing sustainable production practices.Resumen El tizón tardío, causado por Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, es la enfermedad históricamente más significativa y económicamente destructiva de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.). Además de la papa, P. infestans también puede infectar tomate y a otros miembros de la familia Solanaceae, y esto ha contribuido a la reciente epidemia de tizón tardío en Canadá y los Estados Unidos. La propagación de P.infestans en estos dos países ha sido principalmente mediante reproducción asexual, lo que ha conducido al desarrollo de varias líneas clonales dominantes. Se han desarrollado varios marcadores para P. infestans que son invaluables en el seguimiento de la evolución y movimiento de estos genotipos de P. infestans. La diversidad de la población y la incidencia de la enfermedad han aumentado por vía del desarrollo de la insensibilidad a fungicidas sistémicos y del envío transcontinental del patógeno en tubérculos de papa infectados con tizón tardío y en plántulas de tomate. La introducción del tipo de compatibilidad A2 de P. infestans a varias regiones de Canadá y Estados Unidos también ha incrementado la oportunidad de reproducción sexual y recombinación, contribuyendo, potencialmente, a una mayor diversidad genética y patogenicidad de P. infestans. Avances en los análisis moleculares de P. infestans han revelado a un patógeno complejo con un genomio capaz de evolucionar relativamente rápido. El manejo del tizón tardío, entonces, requerirá de nuevas estrategias multifacéticas que incluyan monitoreo de la evolución del patógeno y la implementación de prá...

show abstract

“…Even in the central highlands of Peru only A1 mating types of the US-1 lineage were found prior to 1980 (Tooley et al 1989). However, in the central highlands of Mexico, including the Toluca Valley, many lineages and both mating types, A1 and A2 occur (Shaw 1987;Grü nwald et al 2001). Because of these and other observations it is thought that P. infestans originated and co-evolved on native wild tuber bearing Solanum species in the central highlands of Mexico (Reddick 1939;Niederhauser 1956;Shaw 1987;Tooley et al 1989;Grü nwald et al 2001;Shattock 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in the central highlands of Mexico, including the Toluca Valley, many lineages and both mating types, A1 and A2 occur (Shaw 1987;Grü nwald et al 2001). Because of these and other observations it is thought that P. infestans originated and co-evolved on native wild tuber bearing Solanum species in the central highlands of Mexico (Reddick 1939;Niederhauser 1956;Shaw 1987;Tooley et al 1989;Grü nwald et al 2001;Shattock 1995). Apparently new introductions from Mexico changed the genetic structure and diversity of P. infestans populations dramatically worldwide, replacing the US-1 lineage by new A1 and A2 mating types (Shaw 1987;Grü nwald et al 2001;Shattock 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the resistance to Phytophthora infestans in local potato cultivars in Bolivia

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This experiment was carried out to investigate whether and how much field resistance to late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is present in the local cultivated potato germplasm. In total 36 entries were compared in a field experiment in an area highly conducive to late blight development. Of the 36 cultivars 32 were local cultivars belonging to five Solanum species, S. tuberosum (1 accession), S. andigena (18), S. juzepczukii (2), S. stenotomum (9) and S. ajanhuiri (2). The other four cultivars were derived from breeding programmes, one being the Dutch cultivar Alpha used as a highly susceptible control. The 36 cultivars were planted according to a simple 6 · 6 lattice design with three replicates. Each replicate was divided in six incomplete blocks each with six cultivars. The disease severity was assessed weekly during 9 weeks starting 48 days after planting. The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was used as a measure of the field resistance. Nine isolates from surrounding potato fields were tested for their virulence to the resistance genes R1-R11 using 22 differential cultivars. The components of the field resistance of 19 of these cultivars were compared in the greenhouse using a local isolate with virulence to all known R-genes, except to R9. The nine isolates represented seven races with a race complexity varying from 7 to 10 virulence factors. All isolates carried virulence against R1, R2, R3, R7, R10 and R11, while virulence against R9 was absent. The AUDPC among the 32 local cultivars ranged from very large, significantly larger than that of 'Alpha' to very small. The AUDPC from S. stenotomum accessions ranged from very large to intermediate, those from S. andigena accessions from large to very small. Especially among the S. andigena accessions interesting levels of field resistance were found. Four components of field resistance were assessed, latency period (LP), lesion size (LS), lesion growth rate (LGR) and relative sporulation area (RSA). All four showed a considerable variation among the cultivars. The LP ranged from 3½ to 6 days. The LS ranged from 225 mm 2 to 20 mm 2 . The LGR varied about six-fold, the RSA more than 10-fold. The components tended to vary in association with one another. LP and LGR were well associated with each other and had a significant correlation with the AUDPC.

show abstract

Population Structure of Phytophthora infestans in the Toluca Valley Region of Central Mexico

Cited by 90 publications

References 29 publications

Population studies on Phytophthora infestans on potatoes and tomatoes in southern Germany

Population studies on Phytophthora infestans on potatoes and tomatoes in southern Germany

Evolution and Management of the Irish Potato Famine Pathogen Phytophthora Infestans in Canada and the United States

Characterization of the resistance to Phytophthora infestans in local potato cultivars in Bolivia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About