Population Structure of
            <i>Francisella tularensis</i>

Nübel, Ulrich; Reissbrodt, Rolf; Weller, Annette; Grunow, Roland; Porsch-Özçürümez, Mustafa; Tomaso, Herbert; Hofer, Erwin; Splettstoesser, Wolf D.; Finke, Ernst-Jürgen; Tschäpe, Helmut; Witte, Wolfgang

doi:10.1128/jb.01662-05

Cited by 37 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…or clades present during outbreaks of tularemia, in part because molecular methods for strain discrimination have only recently been described (1,2,(4)(5)(6)(7). In this discrete deer fl y-associated outbreak, we found human infections caused by both A1 and A2 strains, and evidence that A1, A2, and type B strains were circulating among lagomorphs in the exposure area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

MultipleFrancisella tularensisSubspecies and Clades, Tularemia Outbreak, Utah

Petersen¹,

Carlson²,

Dietrich³

et al. 2008

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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In July 2007, a deer fl y-associated outbreak of tularemia occurred in Utah. Human infections were caused by 2 clades (A1 and A2) of Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis. Lagomorph carcasses from the area yielded evidence of infection with A1 and A2, as well as F. tularensis subsp. holarctica. These fi ndings indicate that multiple subspecies and clades can cause disease in a localized outbreak of tularemia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

MultipleFrancisella tularensisSubspecies and Clades, Tularemia Outbreak, Utah

Petersen¹,

Carlson²,

Dietrich³

et al. 2008

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…tularensis strains have been considered equivalent with respect to virulence. Molecular methods, specifically multiple locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and genome sequence comparisons, have separated this subspecies into 2 genetically distinct clades, A1 (also known as A.I and A-east) and A2 (also known as A.II and A-west) (Beckstrom-Sternberg et al, 2007;Farlow et al, 2005;Johansson et al, 2004;Larsson et al, 2007;Molins-Schneekloth et al, 2008;Nubel et al, 2006;Staples et al, 2006;Svensson et al, 2005). Recently, a difference in the severity of human illness caused by F. tularensis subsp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis A1 and A2 infections by real-time polymerase chain reaction

Molins

Carlson

Coombs

et al. 2009

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease

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Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis (type A) is subdivided into clades A1 and A2. Human tularemia infections caused by A1 and A2 differ with respect to clinical outcome; A1 infections are associated with a higher case fatality rate. In this study, we develop and evaluate TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for identification of A1 and A2. Both assays were shown to be specific to either A1 or A2, with sensitivities of 10 genomic equivalents. Real-time PCR results for identification of A1 and A2 were in complete agreement with results obtained by pulsed field gel electrophoresis analysis or conventional PCR when specimens from sporadic tularemia cases and a tularemia outbreak involving both A1 and A2 were tested. In addition, outbreak samples not previously typed to the clade level could be classified as A1 or A2. The assays described here provide new diagnostic tools with a level of sensitivity not previously available for identification of A1 and A2 infections. Published by Elsevier Inc.

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“…The last, F. tularensis subsp. novicida is generally avirulent in humans, and has been reported in Australia 9 . F. tularensis is typically found in small mammal species and the most important vectors are rabbits, hares, mice and rodents 6,10,11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common clinical forms are ulceroglandular (infection through the skin) and respiratory (infection by inhalation) (ref. 9,17 ). Other forms of the disease are oculoglandular, oropharyngeal, gastrointestinal and typhoidal tularemia 12,13,18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organs of BALB/c mice can be injured in course of tularemia

Pavliš¹,

Kusakova²,

Novotný³

et al. 2014

BIOMED PAP

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Background. Francisella tularensis is a biological agent exploitable for bioterrorism and biological warfare purposes due to serious pathogenic progression and easy dissemination. Despite intensive research in the past, some adverse consequences remain unclear. One consequence of this pathogen is oxidative stress. Aims. The aim of this study was to undertake ex vivo assays for monitoring the disease in mice and increase our knowledge of the oxidative stress induced by tularemia. Methods. The mouse BALB/c model was chosen and the animals were infected by a dose 10 4 CFU of F. tularensis. After five days, the animals were euthanized. Blood immediately processed in plasma, spleen and liver were sampled from the cadavers. Oxidative stress markers, cytokines and histopathological were undertaken.Results. There was a significant link between oxidative stress and tularemia. Particularly elevated levels of malondialdehyde and decreased levels of low molecular weight antioxidants were found in the liver and spleen of tularemia-infected animals. The histopathological findings correlated well with the oxidative stress markers. The liver and spleen were proven to be significantly at risk from the disease and an association between stress and neutrophils in the affected organs was found. The histopathology excluded risk to other organs such as the kidney and or heart. Conclusions. Oxidative stress plays a significant role in tularemia infection in mice and this was confirmed by the histology.

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Population Structure of Francisella tularensis

Cited by 37 publications

References 28 publications

MultipleFrancisella tularensisSubspecies and Clades, Tularemia Outbreak, Utah

MultipleFrancisella tularensisSubspecies and Clades, Tularemia Outbreak, Utah

Identification of Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis A1 and A2 infections by real-time polymerase chain reaction

Organs of BALB/c mice can be injured in course of tularemia

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