Population structure of chum salmon and selection on the markers collected for stock identification

Kitada, Shuichi; Kishino, Hirohisa

doi:10.1002/ece3.8102

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Before 1945, wild-born chum salmon fry were too agile to be netted in the rivers of Etrofu Island, where Japan operated salmon hatcheries (Yagisawa, 1970). A significant reduction in mtDNA3 SNP allele frequency in Japanese chum salmon (Figure S20) could reduce the efficiency of aerobic fitness and swimming endurance, energy metabolism and oxygen consumption (Kitada & Kishino, 2021). The similar LDH-A1*100 allele frequencies to Alaskan chum salmon may reduce burst swimming speed in warming SST along Japanese coasts, as LDH-A is predominantly found in skeletal (white) muscle (Powers et al, 1991; Somero, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rivers in Japan are relatively short, and hatchery fish are released in most large rivers (Miyakoshi et al, 2013), while naturally spawning chum salmon populations persist in many small (short) rivers in Hokkaido (Kitada, 2014). The very high gene flow between populations facilitates the genetic admixture of hatchery-born fish and wild-born hatchery descendants in the entire Japan population (Kitada & Kishino, 2021). The relative reproductive success (RRS) of hatchery-reared salmon has been about 50% of that of wild-origin fish when they spawn in the wild (Araki et al, 2007; Christie et al, 2014; Shedd et al, 2022), with significant variation (Kitada et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the nuclear SNPs (Seeb et al, 2011), we converted the original genotype data to Genepop format (Rousset, 2008) and loaded the data using the read.GENEPOP function in the R package FinePop2. We used minor alleles that had a mean allele frequency across populations of less than 0.5 (Kitada & Kishino, 2021). We summarised the SNP allele frequencies of GHII3129, GnRH373, and mtDNA3 in 114 chum salmon populations collected throughout the range in 1989-2006 (n = 10,458) (Data S7).…”

Section: Gene Frequencies For Metabolism Growth and Maturationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mean BW of chum salmon returning to Japan in 2022 was 2.83 kg in Hokkaido and 2.76 kg in Honshu, which was the historical low after 1989 and 1994, respectively (Fishery Research Agency, 2023). Selection in hatcheries may cause a reduction in body size, as allele frequencies of several SNPs were significantly differentiated beyond the neutral population structure in Japanese chum salmon populations (Kitada & Kishino, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Selection in hatcheries may cause a reduction in body size, as allele frequencies of several SNPs were significantly differentiated beyond the neutral population structure in Japanese chum salmon populations (Kitada & Kishino, 2021).…”

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Hatcheries to high seas: climate change connections to salmon marine survival

Kitada,

Myers,

Kishino

2023

Preprint

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Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchusspp.) are exposed to environmental and anthropogenic stresses due to their wide geographic distribution, long migrations, and complex life histories. Understanding how these stressors interact to affect population abundance is essential for conservation and sustainable management of salmon. We investigate the causal effects on population dynamics of hatchery-enhanced Japanese chum salmon (O. keta), focusing on the period of sharp decline since the early 2000s and the rebound in 2022. We used 50 years of fishery and hatchery release data and 40 years of high-resolution SST datasets in 30 coastal areas in Japan, as well as monthly mean SST data along the Japanese chum salmon migration route in the high seas. We provide initial evidence that SST at release and that in the migration route, size at release, northward expansion of a piscivorous fish, and intraspecific competition influence the abundance of Japanese chum salmon. The sudden increase in 2022 was driven by an increase in Age-4 fish. The age structure shift towards younger age at maturity was observed in all areas except the Honshu Pacific and was particularly pronounced in the Hokkaido Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk and, where winter SST in the North Pacific and the Gulf of Alaska had a positive effect on return rates. Size at release and Russian chum salmon also had a positive effect. On the other hand, SST at release and yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata), as well as summer SST in the Sea of Okhotsk had a negative effect on return rate. Our regression model predicted the return rate well, while explaining 43-75% of the variation in regional populations. Our results highlight winter SST as a driver of younger age at maturity but the trade-off between returned fish and body size.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gene Frequencies For Metabolism Growth and Maturationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Hatcheries to high seas: climate change connections to salmon marine survival

Kitada,

Myers,

Kishino

2023

Preprint

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Long‐term translocation explains population genetic structure of a recreationally fished iconic species in Japan: Combining current knowledge with reanalysis

Kitada

2022

Aquaculture Fish & Fisheries

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Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis) is an important freshwater fisheries resource and popular recreational fishing species in Japan that lives for only 1 year, with a single breeding season. To supplement increased recreational fishing demand for this species, more than 13 million wild-born landlocked juveniles are translocated every year from Lake Biwa into Japanese rivers, and more than 52 million hatchery-reared juveniles born from captive-reared parents have been extensively released. The translocation of landlocked juveniles and hatchery release has continued for more than 100 and 30 generations, respectively. Previous studies have reported that landlocked and amphidromous forms of Ayu easily hybridise, leading to concerns that the fitness of hybrid progeny would be reduced in the wild. However, limited information exists regarding the reproductive success of landlocked Ayu in translocated rivers, and to date no studies have evaluated the effects of translocation on population structure. Demonstrating that hybridisation occurs between the two forms is central to future management and conservation of this species. To address this, a literature search to summarise biological knowledge of Ayu and population genetic data screening was undertaken, and published genetic data sets covering a distribution range in Japan were reanalysed. Analyses provide strong evidence for very high gene flow between sampling locations. Genetic diversity is homogeneous in amphidromous samples. Bayesian admixture analysis infers widespread hybridisation in Japanese rivers (24 ± 8%). Maximum likelihood admixture graphs detect two migration events from Lake Biwa to rivers in the northern Sea of Japan and Hokkaido. Analyses consistently indicate that hybridisation between translocated landlocked juveniles and native amphidromous Ayu occurs throughout Japanese rivers. These results are discussed in relation to the management of this species.

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Ecosystem-based sustainable management of chum salmon in Japan’s warming climate

Kaeriyama,

Sakaguchi

2023

Marine Policy

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Population structure of chum salmon and selection on the markers collected for stock identification

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 9 publications

References 65 publications

Hatcheries to high seas: climate change connections to salmon marine survival

Hatcheries to high seas: climate change connections to salmon marine survival

Long‐term translocation explains population genetic structure of a recreationally fished iconic species in Japan: Combining current knowledge with reanalysis

Ecosystem-based sustainable management of chum salmon in Japan’s warming climate

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