Population Structure of a Herbivorous Insect and Its Host Plant on a Microgeographic Scale

Michalakis, Yannis; Sheppard, Andy; Noël, Valérie; Olivieri, Isabelle

doi:10.2307/2410172

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Monitoring of southwest US grape phylloxera over a period of only 2-3 years has shown an extinction rate on individual vines of 0.23 per year, with an equal rate of colonization of previously uninfested vines (Downie and Granett, in press). This extinction/colonization process could prevent deme formation through the increased probability of gene flow (Michalakis et al 1993) and the short time for appropriate mutations or gene combinations to arise. This factor operates within populations and does not help to explain the failure to detect greater performance on natal host genotypes relative to isolated hosts, since gene flow among isolated mountain ranges is not likely to occur often (Lin et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of native grape phylloxera on host plants within and among terrestrial islands in Arizona, USA

Downie¹

1999

Oecologia

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In Arizona, USA, the canyon grape, Vitis arizonica Englemann, and grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch, Homoptera, Phylloxeridae) are distributed among mountain ranges that are surrounded by expanses of desert lacking Vitis habitat, thus forming a system of terrestrial islands. Both herbivore and host populations may have diverged genetically among mountain ranges under the influence of restricted gene flow and variable selection among sites. Herbivore adaptation to local hosts would be expected to ensue, with the potential to promote divergence, both in traits under selection and by further reducing the probability of interisland colonization. To test the hypothesis that phylloxera are adapted to local hosts, demographic components of fitness of field-collected native grape phylloxera were measured in the greenhouse on vines of V. arizonica that were categorized as either natal, neighboring, and or isolated hosts. There was no evidence for greater adaptation to natal or neighboring hosts but there were significant interactions between herbivore and host treatments in one experiment. There was genetic variation for gall formation among six clones tested. Though a failure to detect local adaptation could have resulted from low statistical power, benign experimental conditions, or inadequate genetic variation, the divergence of isolated grape populations is suggested to have been insufficient to promote local adaptation in grape phylloxera at the level of isolated mountain ranges. It is further suggested that, within populations, adaptation to individual host plants could be forestalled by selection for 'general purpose genotypes' through wind-borne displacement of colonizers into the unpredictable environment of a heterogeneous array of hosts. In addition, short-term extinction/colonization dynamics could promote gene flow such that time is insufficient for adaptive mutations or gene combination to arise.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of native grape phylloxera on host plants within and among terrestrial islands in Arizona, USA

Downie¹

1999

Oecologia

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“…Depending on the nature of the interaction, much insight can also be gained by comparing the population genetic structures of species that inhabit sympatric range, which can help one to draw inferences about the population subdivision and offer important information and insight into the ecology of, for instance, a host and its parasite, such as effective population sizes, dispersal distance, evidence of local adaptations, gene flow rates and the potential of herbivores to coevolve with their hosts (McCoy et al 2005). Specifically, these processes are important in understanding the evolutionary relationships between plants and insects (Michalakis et al 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been many comparative studies of interacting species, mainly in host-parasite systems (Nadler et al 1990;Michalakis et al 1993;Dybdahl and Lively 1996;Delmotte et al 1999;Hoffmann and Baker 2003). The studies of herbivorous insects in particular have played a major role in understanding how ecological divergence can facilitate genetic differentiation (Sword et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative population structure of Chinese sumac aphid Schlechtendalia chinensis and its primary host-plant Rhus chinensis

Ren

Zhu

Wang³

et al. 2007

Genetica

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Most of our current understanding of comparative population structure has been come from studies of parasite-host systems, whereas the genetic comparison of gallnut-aphids and their host-plants remain poorly documented. Here, we examined the population genetic structure of the Chinese sumac aphid Schlechtendalia chinensis and its unique primary host-plant Rhus chinensis in a mountainous province in western China using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Despite being sampled from a mountainous geographic range, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that the majority of genetic variation occurred among individuals within populations of both the aphid and its host. The aphid populations were found to be structured similarly to their primary host populations (F (ST) values were 0.239 for the aphid and 0.209 for its host), suggesting that there are similar patterns of gene flow between the populations of the aphid and between populations of its host-plant. The genetic distances (F (ST)/1 - F (ST)) between the aphid populations and between its host-plant populations were uncorrelated, indicating that sites with genetically similar host-plant populations may not always have genetically similar aphid populations. The lack of relationships between genetic and geographical distance matrices suggested that isolation by distance (IBD) played a negligible role at this level. This may be mainly attributed to the founder effect, genetic drift and the relative small spatial scale between populations.

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“…A closer examination of these data also may not support the scenario of a large, relatively homogenous insect population (Michalakis et al 1994). The origin of the larval population affected most aspects of larval performance and these differences in performance were at the spatial scale of subpopulations on individual plant clones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…In terms of insect population response to intraspecific plant variability, there is some evidence that natural populations of some insects are not large and genetically homogeneous (but see Michalakis et al 1994). When faced with host plants in discrete patches, subpopulations of milkweed beetles in the genus Tetraopes exhibited genetic differentiation at the level of individual patches (McCauley and Eanes 1987;McCauley 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of evidence for local adaptation to individual plant clones or site by a mobile specialist herbivore

Strauss

1997

Oecologia

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Several studies have documented local adaptation by sedentary insects to individual phenotypes of their host plants. Here, I examined whether a similar phenomenon could be found in a mobile, specialized insect, the sumac flea beetle. Previous work has shown that sumac individuals differ in their suitability as hosts for these beetles and that differences have both an environmental and a genetic basis. Using beetle populations collected as eggs from eight different sumac clones along an east-west transect, a reciprocal transfer experiment was conducted to determine whether there was any evidence for local adaptation by beetles to individual plant clones or to site. Variables examined were larval survivorship past first instar, development time, weight at pupation and patterns of predation by enemies. While no evidence for local adaptation was found, there were significant effects of plant clone on which larvae developed, origin of the larval population and the interaction of these effects on larval performance. For larval weight at pupation, there was also some indication that trade-offs may exist in ability of larvae to use different host plant clones. In addition, there were significant environmental effects on several measures of larval performance. Predation rates differed by plant clone, but not by site or with respect to origin of larvae. While no evidence for local adaptation was found in this study, prerequisites for finding such patterns may exist in this system.

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Population Structure of a Herbivorous Insect and Its Host Plant on a Microgeographic Scale

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Performance of native grape phylloxera on host plants within and among terrestrial islands in Arizona, USA

Performance of native grape phylloxera on host plants within and among terrestrial islands in Arizona, USA

Comparative population structure of Chinese sumac aphid Schlechtendalia chinensis and its primary host-plant Rhus chinensis

Lack of evidence for local adaptation to individual plant clones or site by a mobile specialist herbivore

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