Population structure and swarm formation of the cyclopoid copepod Dioithona oculata near mangrove cays

Ambler, Julie W.; Ferrari, Frank D.; Fornshell, John A.

doi:10.1093/plankt/13.6.1257

Cited by 54 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Emerging evidence indicates that copepods use a variety of sensory modalities such as mechanical (van Duren et al 1998, chemical (Strickler 1998) and light gradients (Ambler et al 1991) to improve conspecific contact rates (Tsuda & Miller 1998) and for locating prey (Tiselius et al 1993). Plankton can become concentrated at a variety of interfaces such as at a pycnocline (Mackas et al 1985), benthic boundary layer, or airwater interface (Gallager et al 1996), and may become locally enhanced in regions where flow is unidirectional for some period of time, such as in convergent fronts (Alldredge et al 1984, Beardsley et al 1996, Langmuir cells (Pollard 1997), and internal waves and bores (Pineda 1991, Shanks et al 2000.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of fine-scale vertical structure and swimming behavior to formation of plankton layers on Georges Bank

Gallager¹,

Yamazaki²,

Davis³

2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

104

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The roles of plankton behavior, stratification, and microstructure in the formation of fine-scale plankton layers were examined using a 3-dimensional video plankton recorder mounted on a remotely operated vehicle. Vertically compressed plankton patches were observed in association with a cold pool over the Southern Flank of Georges Bank, extending from the tidal mixing front to the shelf-slope break during the months of May and June, 1994, 1995, 1997. In June 1995, 3 major plankton layers were present: a 10 m thick layer above the thermocline, a 1 m thick layer within the thermocline, and a third, 2 to 5 m thick layer immediately below the thermocline. Energy dissipation rate was lowest in the central layer and increased in both top and bottom layers. Some passive organisms and particles, e.g. the colonial diatom Chaetoceros socialis and rod-shaped diatoms, were concentrated in all 3 layers, while marine snow particles were found only in transitional regions. All stages of Calanus spp. were present in high numbers on the fringes of all 3 layers, while Oithona sp. was found only in the thin, central layer. Plankton were significantly aggregated only when the motility number, Mn (i.e. ratio of plankton swimming speed/rms turbulent velocity) was greater than 3, suggesting dominance of plankton behavior over physical structure. Under both quiescent and turbulent conditions, the Lagrangian frequency spectra (f ) for swimming plankton and passive particles decreased with a slope of f -2 . However, in quiescent conditions, the magnitude of the spectrum for swimming plankton was 10-fold greater than for passive particles, illustrating a decoupling of plankton swimming from turbulent eddies. The air/water interface, the pycnocline, and multiple shear interfaces at density discontinuities act as boundaries to vertical zones where plankton behavior may succumb to or dominate background microstructure, thus providing a mechanism for formation of plankton and particulate layers.KEY WORDS: Fine-scale vertical structure · Thin layers · Plankton behavior · Turbulence Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 267: [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] 2004 communities, species-specific patterns in abundance can form as a function of fine-scale physical structure (Owen 1989, Davis et al. 1992, Gallager et al. 1996b and may persist for many days (Donaghay et al. 1992, Cowles & Desiderio 1993, reviewed in Cowles et al. 1998. If this scale is undersampled or, worse, ignored, the result of persistent fine-scale structure will be gross underestimates of production (Cowles et al. 1998).Vertical fine-structure has been observed since the study of Eckart (1948), and is usually described in terms of mixing, such as the interaction between density stratification and horizontal shear (Gargett et al. 1984). One of the net results of shear is to redistribute horizontal variance onto vertical variance, producing the typical multiple-layer effect,...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of fine-scale vertical structure and swimming behavior to formation of plankton layers on Georges Bank

Gallager¹,

Yamazaki²,

Davis³

2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

104

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“…CII-CVI of D. oculata make up the swarm. and CI, as well as the nauplii, are found outside the swarms (Ambler et al, 1991); all copepodids disperse horizontally at night . Daytime assortment of D. oculata appears to be similar to assortment of some parasitic cyclopoids, e. g., Pachypygus gibber, where CI is the freeswimming dispersive and infective stage of this notodelphyid parasite, while CII-CVI are found in the host (Hipeau-Jacquotte, 1978).…”

Section: Seasonal Cycles Vertical Distribution Vertical Migrationmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, copepodids of Metridia lucens may occasionally perform reverse vertical migrations (Osgood & Frost, 1994a). The horizontal migrations of the swarming copepodids of Dioithona oculata are not as distinctive and have been described simply as dispersive, although a migration signal can be characterized from strata-specific sampling (Ambler et al, 1991;Ferrari et al, 2003).…”

Section: Seasonal Cycles Vertical Distribution Vertical Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Embryonic Development of the Copepoda

Ferrari¹,

Dahms²

2007

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“…Adult and late copepodites of this species form dense swarms in light shafts penetrating the mangrove canopy during the day. These swarms disperse at dusk and reform at dawn (Ambler et al, 1991). Copepod densities average 30 copepods ml-' in swarms (Buskey et al, 1996) but are reduced to only a few copepods L-I when the copepods are dispersed at night (Ferrari et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trophic interactions within the plantonic food web in mangrove channels of Twin Cays, Belize, Central America

Buskey¹,

Hyatt

Speekmann

2004

Atoll Research Bulletin

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The tidal channels of mangrove islands such as Twin Cays, Belize support a productive and diverse microplankton assemblage. In turn, this microplankton community supports large populations of copepods that form dense aggregations in the prop-root environment along the margins of these channels. The growth rate of the phytoplankton community and the grazing rate of the heterotrophic microzooplankton community were measured using the seawater dilution method. In separate experiments, the grazing rate of the swarm-forming copepod Dioithona oculata on natural microplankton assemblages was measured. Chlorophyll concentrations in the natural plankton assemblages used in these experiments ranged from 1-to-1 1 pg Chl a L-'. Dinoflagellate populations typically ranged from 17-to-50 cells ml-', with heterotrophic dinoflagellates generally exceeding autotrophic forms in abundance. Ciliates were the second most abundant form of heterotrophic microzooplankton with populations ranging from 1 -15 cells ml-' . Results of the dilution experiments indicate that, during the study period, microzooplankton grazed between ca. 60-90% of potential phytoplankton production and phytoplankton growth exceeded microzooplankton grazing in all experiments. Grazing studies with D. oculata indicated that copepod ingestion rates were highest on ciliates and autotrophic dinoflagellates and that copepod populations are capable of grazing about 10% of the protozoan population each day.

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Population structure and swarm formation of the cyclopoid copepod Dioithona oculata near mangrove cays

Abstract: Abstract. The cyclopoid copepod Dioithona oculata forms swarms in water <30 cm deep among prop roots of red mangroves (Rhizophora mangle) which fringe protected areas of two iagoona! cays.

Cited by 54 publications

References 17 publications

Contribution of fine-scale vertical structure and swimming behavior to formation of plankton layers on Georges Bank

Contribution of fine-scale vertical structure and swimming behavior to formation of plankton layers on Georges Bank

Post-Embryonic Development of the Copepoda

Trophic interactions within the plantonic food web in mangrove channels of Twin Cays, Belize, Central America

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