Population Structure and Dynamics

Berta, Annalisa

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397002-2.00014-4

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 245 publications

(219 reference statements)

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“…For example, with Aurelia aurita, allozyme electrophoresis was utilized by Ben Faleh et al [59] to investigate the genetic variation and population structure of the species. However, it is known that the technique has a low resolution as it only examines protein coding regions of DNA [79]. In contrast, techniques such as microsatellites and mitochondrial markers (utilized by Dong et al [60]) have a higher sensitivity to reveal genetic variation, hence potentially resulting in the contrast of reported findings for Aurelia.…”

Section: Population Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Structures and Levels of Connectivity for Scyphozoan and Cubozoan Jellyfish

2021

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Understanding the hierarchy of populations from the scale of metapopulations to mesopopulations and member local populations is fundamental to understanding the population dynamics of any species. Jellyfish by definition are planktonic and it would be assumed that connectivity would be high among local populations, and that populations would minimally vary in both ecological and genetic clade-level differences over broad spatial scales (i.e., hundreds to thousands of km). Although data exists on the connectivity of scyphozoan jellyfish, there are few data on cubozoans. Cubozoans are capable swimmers and have more complex and sophisticated visual abilities than scyphozoans. We predict, therefore, that cubozoans have the potential to have finer spatial scale differences in population structure than their relatives, the scyphozoans. Here we review the data available on the population structures of scyphozoans and what is known about cubozoans. The evidence from realized connectivity and estimates of potential connectivity for scyphozoans indicates the following. Some jellyfish taxa have a large metapopulation and very large stocks (>1000 s of km), while others have clade-level differences on the scale of tens of km. Data on distributions, genetics of medusa and polyps, statolith shape, elemental chemistry of statoliths and biophysical modelling of connectivity suggest that some of the ~50 species of cubozoans have populations of surprisingly small spatial scales and low levels of connectivity. Despite their classification as plankton, therefore, some scyphozoans and cubozoans have stocks of small spatial scales. Causal factors that influence the population structure in many taxa include the distribution of polyps, behavior of medusa, local geomorphology and hydrodynamics. Finally, the resolution of patterns of connectivity and population structures will be greatest when multiple methods are used.

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Section: Population Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Structures and Levels of Connectivity for Scyphozoan and Cubozoan Jellyfish

2021

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“…Allozymes are allelic variants of enzymes encoded by structural genes and are usually a result of gene duplication. The resolution of the allozyme technique is low because only protein-coding regions of DNA can be assessed and only a small proportion of the changes in those regions will cause an evident change in the mobility of the protein [11]. These are codominant in nature and require a small amount of biological material for detection.…”

Section: Assessment Of Genetic Variations In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of plant genetic variations using molecular markers: A review

Hussain¹,

Nisar²

2020

J Appl Biol Biotech

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Climatic changes affect various organisms, including plant species, becoming unfavorable for the environment and socioeconomic value, prompting an increase in activities related to plant resources conservation. The successful conservation of plant genetic resources depends on the proper identification and characterization of plant material. One of the notable developments in genetic conservation is the use of molecular markers for assessing the conservation and use of plant genetic resources. This review is devoted to the use of molecular marker techniques for genetic assessment of plant genetic variations. Development in these techniques provides smooth, reliable, and effortless ways for assessing known and unknown taxa, between and within species. These techniques provide a revelation to researchers on taxonomical and evolutionary questions which were not possible earlier. The polymerase chain reaction-based molecular markers give rise to various novel techniques due to the simplicity and high reproducibility of the methods. Examples including a combination of earlier techniques, such as restriction fragment length polymorphism, random amplification of polymorphic DNA, simple sequence repeat, intersimple sequence repeats, single nucleotide polymorphism, and amplified fragment length polymorphism, have been used for plant genetic variations and polymorphism studies. Progress in the advanced high-throughput sequencing techniques or next-generation sequencing technologies has been rapidly utilized to study genetic diversity broadly and to identify suitable genes and alleles rapidly. These techniques offer a practical resolution to the challenges in crop genomics. This review explains the recent advances in the molecular marker techniques, along with the advantages, uses, and limitations. Each technique differs in resolving the genetic variations and polymorphism in plant species.

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Preservation of the genetic diversity of the sevryuga (Acipenser stellatus Pall) in conditions of artificial reproduction

et al. 2022

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According to the lactadehydrogenase locus, the genetic diversity of 9 samples of the Volga sevryuga of different origin was studied. In total, 733 pieces of young sevryuga, 99 pieces of producers and 107 pieces were studied. four-year-olds of sevryuga with MPERZ. To assess the genetic variability of lactate dehyrogenase allozymes, the method of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used, as the most appropriate for assessing the influence of the environment in natural and domesticated populations. It is shown that the young sevryuga, grown in the conditions of 6 Astrakhan sturgeon hatcheries, differs significantly from the control group of natural producers. The LDH-3 lactate dehydrogenase locus is represented by 6 genotypes. 5 genotypes were found in producers, in the absence of only genotype 100/112. Genotypes 70/112 and 112/122 are missing in the samples from all plants and MPERZ, while genotype 70/70, which was found in excess at MPERZ, is also missing in three plants. However, in general, only 2 genotypes out of 6 are missing for all ARI. A study of the dynamics of the frequency of alleles in this set of samples showed that in 4 samples with ARI and on MPRZ there is no allele 112. However, in general, the ARI allele persists. Thus, it is shown that due to the different genetic variability of LDH-3 in juveniles from different acute respiratory infections, the genetic diversity in the samples as a whole approaches the indicators of producers. Therefore, the preservation of a variety of growing conditions for young sevryuga will contribute to the preservation of its genetic diversity.

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Population Structure and Dynamics

Cited by 3 publications

References 245 publications

Population Structures and Levels of Connectivity for Scyphozoan and Cubozoan Jellyfish

Population Structures and Levels of Connectivity for Scyphozoan and Cubozoan Jellyfish

Assessment of plant genetic variations using molecular markers: A review

Preservation of the genetic diversity of the sevryuga (Acipenser stellatus Pall) in conditions of artificial reproduction

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