Population size and relatedness affect fitness of a self-incompatible invasive plant

Elam, Diane R.; Ridley, Caroline E.; Goodell, Karen; Ellstrand, Norman C.

doi:10.1073/pnas.0607306104

Cited by 89 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Thus, after initial establishment, we observed classic negative density dependence. The two other studies that found significant demographic effects (table 1) investigated self-incompatible plant species, and their results highlight the importance of positive densitydependent processes, such as Allee effects [18,19]. In the case of our model system, the mechanism for negative density dependence is probably increased egg cannibalism with increasing population densities [47].…”

Section: (B) Population Growthmentioning

confidence: 84%

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The roles of demography and genetics in the early stages of colonization

et al. 2014

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MS, 0000-0001-7972-9571Colonization success increases with the size of the founding group. Both demographic and genetic factors underlie this relationship, yet because genetic diversity normally increases with numbers of individuals, their relative importance remains unclear. Furthermore, their influence may depend on the environment and may change as colonization progresses from establishment through population growth and then dispersal. We tested the roles of genetics, demography and environment in the founding of Tribolium castaneum populations. Using three genetic backgrounds (inbred to outbred), we released individuals of four founding sizes (2-32) into two environments (natal and novel), and measured establishment success, initial population growth and dispersal. Establishment increased with founding size, whereas population growth was shaped by founding size, genetic background and environment. Population growth was depressed by inbreeding at small founding sizes, but growth rates were similar across genetic backgrounds at large founding size, an interaction indicating that the magnitude of the genetic effects depends upon founding population size. Dispersal rates increased with genetic diversity. These results suggest that numbers of individuals may drive initial establishment, but that subsequent population growth and spread, even in the first generation of colonization, can be driven by genetic processes, including both reduced growth owing to inbreeding depression, and increased dispersal with increased genetic diversity.

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Section: (B) Population Growthmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…They have found that demography [16], genetics [15,17] or both demography and genetics [14] can be responsible for initial establishment success (table 1). Subsequent performance of newly established populations depend either on the genetic background of founders [15,17] or on demography and genetics together [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The roles of demography and genetics in the early stages of colonization

et al. 2014

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“…Plant ecologists, evolutionists and geneticists have all used Raphanus for studying pollination biology, lifehistory variation, ecological genetics, floral evolution and plant-herbivore interactions (e.g., Campbell et al 2006;Conner 1997;Elam et al 2007;Ellstrand et al 1989;Irwin et al 2003;Marshall and Diggle 2001;Mazer and Schick 1991;Stanton et al 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of enhanced reproduction in the hybrid-derived invasive, California wild radish (Raphanus sativus)

Ridley

Ellstrand

2008

Biol Invasions

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Evolution is receiving increased attention as a potentially important factor in invasions. For example, hybridization may have stimulated the evolution of invasiveness in several well-known plant pests. However, the mechanism for success of such hybrid-derived lineages remains unknown in the majority of the cases studied. Here we ask whether increased reproductive success (in terms of maternal fitness) has evolved in an invasive lineage with confirmed hybrid ancestry. We compare the relative fitness of the non-native, hybrid-derived California wild radish (Raphanus sativus) to that of its two progenitor species in field experiments at different sites and in different years. We found that California wild radish has high survivorship and produces more fruits per plant and more seeds per plant than either of its progenitors in several environments. Furthermore, populations of California wild radish display a strong genotype-by-environment interaction, indicating that maintenance of genetic and phenotypic diversity between populations may be responsible for the weed's ability to invade a wide breadth of California habitats. Our results suggest that hybridization may contribute the evolution of enhanced invasiveness and, also, that by limiting the introduction and subsequent hybridization of congeners, we may be able to prevent the evolution of new invasive lineages.

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“…Although spatial genetic structure has been widely documented in plants, we know comparatively little about the effects of neighbourhood genetic structure and relatedness on individual fitness within populations. High conspecific genetic relatedness and localized pollination in a neighbourhood are hypothesized to lower the relative quality of pollen available to self-incompatible species and increase levels of biparental inbreeding (Souto et al 2002;Elam et al 2007). This could decrease fruit set or increase fruit abortion through late acting self-incompatibility (Byers 1995), thereby lowering fitness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighbourhood density and genetic relatedness interact to determine fruit set and abortion rates in a continuous tropical tree population

Jones

Comita

2008

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Tropical trees may show positive density dependence in fruit set and maturation due to pollen limitation in low-density populations. However, pollen from closely related individuals in the local neighbourhood might reduce fruit set or increase fruit abortion in self-incompatible tree species. We investigated the role of neighbourhood density and genetic relatedness on individual fruit set and abortion in the neotropical tree Jacaranda copaia in a large forest plot in central Panama. Using nested neighbourhood models, we found a strong positive effect of increased conspecific density on fruit set and maturation. However, high neighbourhood genetic relatedness interacted with density to reduce total fruit set and increase the proportion of aborted fruit. Our results imply a fitness advantage for individuals growing in high densities as measured by fruit set, but realized fruit set is lowered by increased neighbourhood relatedness. We hypothesize that the mechanism involved is increased visitation by density-dependent invertebrate pollinators in high-density populations, which increases pollen quantity and carry-over and increases fruit set and maturation, coupled with self-incompatibility at early and late stages due to biparental inbreeding that lowers fruit set and increases fruit abortion. Implications for the reproductive ecology and conservation of tropical tree communities in continuous and fragmented habitats are discussed.

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Population size and relatedness affect fitness of a self-incompatible invasive plant

Cited by 89 publications

References 32 publications

The roles of demography and genetics in the early stages of colonization

The roles of demography and genetics in the early stages of colonization

Evolution of enhanced reproduction in the hybrid-derived invasive, California wild radish (Raphanus sativus)

Neighbourhood density and genetic relatedness interact to determine fruit set and abortion rates in a continuous tropical tree population

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