Population risk factors for severe disease and mortality in COVID-19: A global systematic review and meta-analysis

Booth, Adam T.C.; Reed, Angus B.; Ponzo, Sonia; Yassaee, Arrash; Aral, Mert; Plans, David; Labrique, Alain; Mohan, Diwakar

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0247461

Cited by 391 publications

(280 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Namely, contact with SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals, age over 65 years, non-compliance with epidemiological recommendations, travelling abroad, and having an occupation involving constant contact with people (i.e., physicians and nurses), are linked with higher seroprevalence. Our data confirmed previously published results [ 19 , 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Prevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Poznań, Poland, after the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2021

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In comparison to other European countries, during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic, Poland reported a relatively low number of confirmed cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. To estimate the scale of the pandemic in Poland, a serosurvey of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was performed after the first wave of COVID-19 in Europe (March–May 2020). Within this study, we collected samples from 28 July to 24 September 2020 and, based on the ELISA results, we found that 1.67% (25/1500, 95% CI 1.13–2.45) of the Poznan (Poland) metropolitan area’s population had antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 after the first wave of COVID-19. However, the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies was confirmed with immunoblotting in 56% (14/25) samples, which finally resulted in a decrease in seroprevalence, i.e., 0.93% (14/1500, 95% CI 0.56–1.56). The positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG results were associated with age, occupation involving constant contact with people, travelling abroad, non-compliance with epidemiological recommendations and direct contact with the novel coronavirus. Our findings confirm the low SARS-CoV-2 incidence in Poland and imply that the population had little herd immunity heading into the second and third wave of the pandemic, and therefore, that herd immunity contributed little to preventing the high numbers of SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19-related deaths in Poland during these subsequent waves.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Prevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Poznań, Poland, after the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2021

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“…Recent research suggests that people with lower socioeconomic status and severe psychological distress are more vulnerable to susceptibility to disinformation and misinformation about COVID-19 [ 27 , 28 ]. While all people should be vaccinated, older individuals are particularly at high risk of severe infection with COVID-19 [ 29 ], and priority should be given to this population to reduce preventable deaths. Targeted strategies to raise awareness that negative feelings about vaccines can be manipulated through disinformation campaigns, or to elicit positive feelings that vaccination contributes to the health and well-being of the community, could be useful in activating COVID-19 vaccine confidence [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Its Associated Factors in Japan

et al. 2021

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The vaccine confidence index in Japan is one of the lowest worldwide. This study aimed to examine the proportion of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the Japanese population using a larger sample and more robust statistical methods than previously, and to identify factors associated with vaccine hesitancy. We conducted a nationwide, cross-sectional Internet survey on 8–26 February 2021, and calculated the proportion and odds ratios for vaccine hesitancy. Among 23,142 responses analyzed, the proportion of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was 11.3% (10.9–11.7%). The proportion was higher among younger respondents and female respondents, and especially among younger female respondents (15.6%) compared with the lowest proportion among older male respondents (4.8%). The most cited reason for not getting vaccinated was concerns about adverse reactions in more than 70% of the respondents. The proportion of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Japan was comparable to that in previous studies overseas, and the proportion among younger respondents was more than double that among older respondents. Factors associated with the hesitancy were female sex, living alone, low socioeconomic status, and presence of severe psychological distress, especially among older respondents. Thus, adequate measures should be taken to ensure that vaccines are delivered to people with these factors.

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“…Our data showed that respondents over 65 years of age had 25% lower odds of hesitancy, compared to individuals under 30. Higher levels of risk perception and actual risk of getting sick or developing serious complications from COVID in older individuals most likely explain these differences [ 41 ]. Almost 30% of younger and middle-aged adults reported some levels of hesitancy, which might significantly undermine vaccine rollout efforts in community-dwelling adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Trends and Correlates of COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy: Findings from the iCARE Study

et al. 2021

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The success of large-scale COVID-19 vaccination campaigns is contingent upon people being willing to receive the vaccine. Our study explored COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its correlates in eight different countries around the globe. We analyzed convenience sample data collected between March 2020 and January 2021 as part of the iCARE cross-sectional study. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were conducted to explore the correlates of vaccine hesitancy. We included 32,028 participants from eight countries, and observed that 27% of the participants exhibited vaccine hesitancy, with increases over time. France reported the highest level of hesitancy (47.3%) and Brazil reported the lowest (9.6%). Women, younger individuals (≤29 years), people living in rural areas, and those with a lower perceived income were more likely to be hesitant. People who previously received an influenza vaccine were 70% less likely to report COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. We observed that people reporting greater COVID-19 health concerns were less likely to be hesitant, whereas people with higher personal financial concerns were more likely to be hesitant. Our findings indicate that there is substantial vaccine hesitancy in several countries, with cross-national differences in the magnitude and direction of the trend. Vaccination communication initiatives should target hesitant individuals (women, younger adults, people with lower incomes and those living in rural areas), and should highlight the immediate health, social and economic benefits of vaccination across these settings. Country-level analyses are warranted to understand the complex psychological, socio-environmental, and cultural factors associated with vaccine hesitancy.

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Population risk factors for severe disease and mortality in COVID-19: A global systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 391 publications

References 101 publications

Prevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Poznań, Poland, after the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Prevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Poznań, Poland, after the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic

COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Its Associated Factors in Japan

Global Trends and Correlates of COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy: Findings from the iCARE Study

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