Population Responses to Perturbations: The Importance of Trait-Based Analysis Illustrated through a Microcosm Experiment

Özgül, Arpat; Coulson, Tim; Reynolds, Alan; Cameron, Tom C.; Benton, Tim G.

doi:10.1086/664999

Cited by 43 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…Given that body size had a significant effect on all vital rates ( β 1 , β 4 in Table ), understanding thermal responses requires understanding how temperature affects body size and emphasizes the importance of a trait‐based approach when investigating population dynamics (Ozgul et al., ; Ronget, Garratt, Lemaître, & Gaillard, ). For all vital rates except clutch size, the best model included a temperature effect, and in four of six vital rates, this effect was significant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population‐level responses to temperature, density and clonal differences in Daphnia magna as revealed by integral projection modelling

2018

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Raising global temperatures are predicted to have strong consequences for ectotherms, as metabolic rates depend directly on external temperatures. To understand consequences for population fitness, a full life cycle approach is important because (a) temperature can have opposite effects on different vital rates (growth, survival, reproduction) and (b) sensitivities of population growth rate to changes in vital rates can vary in magnitude. As vital rates are concurrently influenced by other factors, adequately predicting temperature effects requires factors such as body size, population density and genetics to be taken into account. The aim of this study was to quantify the role of temperature on all vital rates of Daphnia magna individuals and their integrated effects on population dynamics. In addition, we evaluated how clonal lineages differed in their temperature response, both on the vital rate and population level. We performed a laboratory experiment, in which we followed 40 populations (five clonal lineages × eight temperatures) during 80 days. Due to our novel set‐up, we were able to quantify vital rates of individuals within those populations. We identified relations between vital rates and body size, lineage, temperature and population density and used a size‐structured integral projection model to integrate the experimental effects over all vital rates. We found negative density dependence in growth and reproduction, resulting in lineage‐specific carrying capacities. Population fitness showed a thermal optimum that differed among genotypes. It is interesting that we found that clones had different life‐history strategies, optimizing population fitness via different routes. As no lineage outperformed the others in all vital rates, we identified trade‐offs between vital rates, which had strong effects on the dynamics of the population. Moreover, simulations suggest that the genetic composition of mixed populations is temperature‐dependent. Our results underscore the importance of studying individuals within their population when predicting responses to environmental change. The observed density effects, which were as strong as temperature effects but explained considerably more variation in population growth, would have been overlooked in life table experiments. Furthermore, differential temperature responses emphasize the importance of genetic variation in the ability of ectotherm species such as Daphnia magna to respond to climate change. A http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2435.13192/suppinfo is available for this article.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population‐level responses to temperature, density and clonal differences in Daphnia magna as revealed by integral projection modelling

2018

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“…The randomly variable treatment was designed to be entirely unpredictable with daily food provisions being chosen from a random distribution with a mean of two balls over a 56-day window, with a maximum daily provision of 12 balls . The mite populations were censused each week for 2 years, where a generation is approximately 5 weeks (Ozgul et al, 2012).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analyses of empirical data demonstrates that eco-evolutionary feedback from an environmental change to population dynamics could explain observed trait distributions and population sizes Ozgul et al, 2010Ozgul et al, , 2012, but this generally lacks evidence of genetic selection, but see similar studies of trait demography in birds (Charmantier et al, 2008;Nussey et al, 2005). Other studies have identified where ecoevolutionary dynamics are likely to occur, for example, by demonstrating how changes in selection have led to changes in animal behaviour and/or distribution (Strauss et al, 2008).…”

Section: Eco-evolutionary Population Dynamics-the Full Loopmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Teasing apart parental, plastic, ecological and reversible responses from evolved and irreversible responses of life histories to environmental change is inherently problematic, as it is rarely possible to study parental environment effects, genetics, life histories and population dynamics simultaneously and in sufficient detail (Andersen and Brander, 2009a,b;Becks et al, 2012;Bonenfant et al, 2009;Coulson and Tuljapurkar, 2008;Coulson et al, 2010;Morrissey et al, 2012;Ozgul et al, 2009Ozgul et al, , 2012Uller, 2008). However, this is exactly what is required to understand how, or even if, populations will be able to respond to rapid anthropogenic environmental stressors such as selective harvesting (Andersen and Brander, 2009a,b;Browman et al, 2008;Coltman et al, 2003;Ezard et al, 2009;Kinnison et al, 2009;Law, 2007), the potential for species to respond to environmental change through evolution (Bell and Gonzalez, 2009;Ezard et al, 2009;Stockwell et al, 2003) and the role that parental effects have in those adaptive responses to environmental change (Uller, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics

Cameron¹,

Plaistow²,

Mugabo³

et al. 2014

Advances in Ecological Research

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“…A (nonexhaustive) review of published IPMs reveals that the shape of the bulb mite character-demography functions are comparable to those of other species (e.g., Soay sheep Ovis aries (Coulson et al 2010); soil mite Sancassania berlesei (Ozgul et al 2012); Nile crocodile Crocodylus niloticus (Wallace et al 2012), except for the survival rate of adults in the bad environment as this is of an atypical hump shape ( fig. 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Correlative Changes in Life-History Variables in Response to Environmental Change in a Model Organism

Smallegange

Deere

Coulson

2014

The American Naturalist

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Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. abstract: Global change alters the environment, including increases in the frequency of (un)favorable events and shifts in environmental noise color. However, how these changes impact the dynamics of populations, and whether these can be predicted accurately has been largely unexamined. Here we combine recently developed population modeling approaches and theory in stochastic demography to explore how life history, morphology, and average fitness respond to changes in the frequency of favorable environmental conditions and in the color of environmental noise in a model organism (an acarid mite). We predict that different life-history variables respond correlatively to changes in the environment, and we identify different life-history variables, including lifetime reproductive success, as indicators of average fitness and life-history speed across stochastic environments. Depending on the shape of adult survival rate, generation time can be used as an indicator of the response of populations to stochastic change, as in the deterministic case. This work is a useful step toward understanding population dynamics in stochastic environments, including how stochastic change may shape the evolution of life histories.

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Population Responses to Perturbations: The Importance of Trait-Based Analysis Illustrated through a Microcosm Experiment

Cited by 43 publications

References 60 publications

Population‐level responses to temperature, density and clonal differences in Daphnia magna as revealed by integral projection modelling

Population‐level responses to temperature, density and clonal differences in Daphnia magna as revealed by integral projection modelling

Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics

Correlative Changes in Life-History Variables in Response to Environmental Change in a Model Organism

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