“…Campos‐Silva & Peres, 2016; Castello, Viana, Watkins, Pinedo‐Vasquez, & Luzadis, 2009; Petersen, Brum, Rossoni, Silveira, & Castello, 2016), reaching over 420% in some locations (Campos‐Silva, Hawes, & Peres, 2019). Even outside protected areas, wild populations have recovered following the establishment of no‐take areas fully protected by indigenous peoples and traditional communities (Campos‐Silva et al, 2019), although declining trends in landings and size of arapaima can also be found outside community‐based arrangements (Cavole, Arantes, & Castello, 2015). In addition to arapaima, other species including black caiman ( Melanosuchus niger ) and freshwater turtles ( Podocnemis expansa and P. sexturbeculata ) benefit from habitat protection by local communities and are more abundant in managed areas relative to open‐access lakes (Campos‐Silva & Peres, 2016; Miorando, Rebêlo, Pignati, & Pezzuti, 2013).…”