2007
DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2006.05.003
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Population pharmacokinetics of (R)-albuterol and (S)-albuterol in pediatric patients aged 4–11 years with asthma

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Cited by 17 publications
(17 citation statements)
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References 22 publications
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“…These factors are not well understood but could relate to solution formulation, emitted MDI dose, particle size, or local absorption and metabolism differences. Consistent with prior reports 8,11,12 for subjects receiving racemic albuterol HFA, the (S)-albuterol plasma concentration reached at least a 4-fold higher level than the (R)-albuterol plasma concentration. These high levels of (S)-albuterol in the subjects administered racemic albuterol were not associated with impaired bronchodilatory response in this study.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 90%
“…These factors are not well understood but could relate to solution formulation, emitted MDI dose, particle size, or local absorption and metabolism differences. Consistent with prior reports 8,11,12 for subjects receiving racemic albuterol HFA, the (S)-albuterol plasma concentration reached at least a 4-fold higher level than the (R)-albuterol plasma concentration. These high levels of (S)-albuterol in the subjects administered racemic albuterol were not associated with impaired bronchodilatory response in this study.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 90%
“…Some patient or disease characteristics, e.g., weight, renal function, and FEV 1 , may alter dose–concentration relationships. Modeling approaches have been used to characterize the pharmacokinetics of inhalation solutions for use in nebulizers or aerosols (e.g., (R)‐albuterol and (S)‐albuterol inhalation solutions in pediatric patients with asthma, 19 levofloxacin inhalation solution for patients with CF) 20…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For instance, empirical models describing the PK of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), namely ciclesonide (and its active metabolite) (61)(62)(63), budesonide (64,65), fluticasone proprionate (63, 65-67) implemented a single absorption process. Other models based only on inhalation data described the PK of albuterol (68,69), formoterol (70), indacaterol (71), PF-00610355, β 2 -adrenoceptor agonist, (72), zanamivir (73), laninamivir octanoate, prodrug transformed in the lung, and its active form laninamivir (74), GLP-1 (75), tobramycin (76), and HMR1031, VLA-4 antagonist (77) characterized the absorption by the same models. The single absorption process was implemented as a first-order (62-66, 68, 73-77) or a zero-order absorption process (67,69).…”
Section: Empirical Pk Models Based On Inhalation Data Onlymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Other models based only on inhalation data described the PK of albuterol (68,69), formoterol (70), indacaterol (71), PF-00610355, β 2 -adrenoceptor agonist, (72), zanamivir (73), laninamivir octanoate, prodrug transformed in the lung, and its active form laninamivir (74), GLP-1 (75), tobramycin (76), and HMR1031, VLA-4 antagonist (77) characterized the absorption by the same models. The single absorption process was implemented as a first-order (62-66, 68, 73-77) or a zero-order absorption process (67,69). Variations of model type I included the absorption process being implemented as an IV bolus input or as a fixed high first-order absorption rate constant (62,65), as the available PK data did not allow .…”
Section: Empirical Pk Models Based On Inhalation Data Onlymentioning
confidence: 99%