Population‐Level and Family‐Level Inbreeding Depression in a Cleistogamous Perennial

Oakley, Christopher G.; Winn, Alice A.

doi:10.1086/528752

Cited by 26 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Previous comparison of the fi tnesses of seeds produced by hand selfi ng and outcrossing CH fl owers indicated inbreeding depression of about 40% from pollination through progeny seed production in this population of V. septemloba ( Oakley and Winn, 2008 ). Previous comparison of the fi tnesses of seeds produced by hand selfi ng and outcrossing CH fl owers indicated inbreeding depression of about 40% from pollination through progeny seed production in this population of V. septemloba ( Oakley and Winn, 2008 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Individuals produce CH fl owers from late winter to early spring and CL fl owers in the fall; the two fl owering seasons do not overlap ( Fig. Previous work in this population estimated the rate of autogamy in CH fl owers to be less than 2% and cumulative inbreeding depression from seed set of crosses to seed production of progeny to be ~40% ( Oakley and Winn, 2008 ). Fruits produced by CH and CL fl owers are morphologically indistinguishable, and although they disperse seeds at different times of the year, all seed germination takes place between late December and mid-March.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

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The maintenance of mixed mating by cleistogamy in the perennial violet Viola septemloba (Violaceae)

Winn¹,

Moriuchi²

2009

American J of Botany

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The production of both potentially outcrossed (chasmogamous) and obligately self-fertilized (cleistogamous) flowers presents a clear exception to the prediction that the only evolutionarily stable mating systems are complete selfing and complete outcrossing. Although cleistogamy has evolved repeatedly, the reason for its stability is not known for any species. We tested the hypothesis that the production of cleistogamous and chasmogamous flowers by a perennial violet constitutes adaptive phenotypic plasticity. We manipulated the season of flowering for each flower type and determined fruit set and the germination percentage of seeds produced by cleistogamous and chasmogamous flowers to test the hypothesis that adaptive plastic response to seasonal environmental variation makes mixed mating stable. Cleistogamous flowers had greater fruit set in all seasons and produced seeds with germination percentages as great as or greater than those from chasmogamous flowers. The consistent advantage of cleistogamous flowers is clearly not consistent with a role of adaptive plastic response to seasonal variation. The biomass cost of seed production by chasmogamous flowers was nearly three times that for cleistogamous flowers. Explaining why chasmogamous flower have not been eliminated by natural selection requires that this difference be balanced by an advantage to chasmogamous flowers that has not yet been identified.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

The maintenance of mixed mating by cleistogamy in the perennial violet Viola septemloba (Violaceae)

Winn¹,

Moriuchi²

2009

American J of Botany

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“…When W s > W ow or W ow > W ob , we report measures of relative performance, which is calculated with the greater of the two values as the denominator (Å gren & Schemske, 1993). Relative performance is bounded by )1 and 1, a range that gives equal weight to negative and positive values and prevents bias in averages as a result of the extreme values that can occur when fitness is zero or near zero for one cross type (Paland & Schmid, 2003;Picó et al, 2004;Bailey & McCauley, 2006;Oakley & Winn, 2008).…”

Section: New Phytologistmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of population size and isolation on heterosis, mean fitness, and inbreeding depression in a perennial plant

Oakley

Winn

2012

New Phytologist

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Summary• In small isolated populations, genetic drift is expected to increase chance fixation of partly recessive, mildly deleterious mutations, reducing mean fitness and inbreeding depression within populations and increasing heterosis in outcrosses between populations.• We estimated relative effective sizes and migration among populations and compared mean fitness, heterosis, and inbreeding depression for eight large and eight small populations of a perennial plant on the basis of fitness of progeny produced by hand pollinations within and between populations.• Migration was limited, and, consistent with expectations for drift, mean fitness was 68% lower in small populations; heterosis was significantly greater for small (mean = 70%, SE = 14) than for large populations (mean = 7%, SE = 27); and inbreeding depression was lower, although not significantly so, in small (mean = )0.29%, SE = 28) than in large (mean = 0.28%, SE = 23) populations.• Genetic drift promotes fixation of deleterious mutations in small populations, which could threaten their persistence. Limited migration will exacerbate drift, but data on migration and effective population sizes in natural populations are scarce. Theory incorporating realistic variation in population size and patterns of migration could better predict genetic threats to small population persistence.

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“…Many other studies on this topic have found some genetic variation in ID, often reported as an interaction between family groups and 'pollination treatment' (for example Mutikainen and Delph, 1998;Jó hannsson et al, 1998, Fishman, 2001Picó et al, 2004;Oakley and Winn, 2008). However, in most experiments such family variation includes a component because of differences in fitness among outcrossed offspring fertilized by different sets of pollen donors (Fox, 2005;Kelly, 2005).…”

Section: Differences Between Early and Late Fitness Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation of inbreeding depression among floral and fitness traits in Silene nutans

et al. 2009

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The magnitude and variation of inbreeding depression (ID) within populations is important for the evolution and maintenance of mixed mating systems. We studied ID and its genetic variation in a range of floral and fitness traits in a small and large population of the perennial herb Silene nutans, using controlled pollinations in a fully factorial North Carolina II design. Floral traits and early fitness traits, that is seed mass and germination rate, were not much affected by inbreeding (do0.2). In contrast, 'late' fitness traits and multiplicative fitness suffered severely from inbreeding (d40.4). Lack of genetic correlations indicated that ID in floral, early and late traits is genetically decoupled. There was a trend that the smaller population was less affected by ID than the large one, although the differences were not significant for most traits. Hence, evidence for purging of deleterious alleles remains inconclusive in this study. Genetic variation in ID among paternal families was statistically significant in most floral and all seed traits, but not in late fitness traits. However, some paternal families had do0.5, even in the multiplicative fitness measure that suffered most from ID (d ¼ 0.74), suggesting that the mixed mating system of S. nutans might be evolutionary stable.

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Population‐Level and Family‐Level Inbreeding Depression in a Cleistogamous Perennial

Cited by 26 publications

References 37 publications

The maintenance of mixed mating by cleistogamy in the perennial violet Viola septemloba (Violaceae)

The maintenance of mixed mating by cleistogamy in the perennial violet Viola septemloba (Violaceae)

Effects of population size and isolation on heterosis, mean fitness, and inbreeding depression in a perennial plant

Genetic variation of inbreeding depression among floral and fitness traits in Silene nutans

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