Population history of the northern and central Nansei Islands (Ryukyu island arc) based on dental morphological variations: gene flow from North Kyushu to Nansei Islands

Manabe, Yoshitaka; Kitagawa, Yoshikazu; Oyamada, Joichi; Igawa, Kazunari; Kato, Katsumoto; Kikuchi, Naohiro; Maruo, Hiromi; Kobayashi, Shigeru; Rokutanda, Atsushi

doi:10.1537/ase.070309

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…This difference is qualitatively comparable to the facial shift from the Jomon to the modern Japanese in Honshu, and may result from a southward population influx from the main islands of the Japanese archipelago during medieval times (e.g. Asato, 1996;Doi, 2003;Higa et al, 2003;Manabe et al, 2008Manabe et al, , 2011. Nevertheless, the results indicate that the early-modern Okinawans had facial features seen in both Okinawa Jomon/ Yayoi and early-modern Honshu Japanese, as plausibly illustrated by the PCA result ( Figure 6A).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…However, both morphological and genetic findings have also emphasized differential traits of the Ryukyuans (including the Okinawans) from the Jomon/Ainu cluster, cautioning against a simple model that regards the modern Ryukyuans as direct descendants of the prehistoric Jomon, and suggesting considerable population influx from surrounding regions into the Ryukyu area during medieval times (Dodo et al, 1998(Dodo et al, , 2000Asato and Doi, 1999;Hatta et al, 1999;Pietrusewsky, 1999Pietrusewsky, , 2004Pietrusewsky, , 2010Higa et al, 2003;Fukumine et al, 2006;Manabe et al, 2008Manabe et al, , 2011. Dodo et al (2000) compared facial skeletons among many Japanese groups from different periods and regions, and found that the early-modern Okinawans did not exhibit some facial characteristics that are manifested in both Jomon and Ainu (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Facial characteristics of the prehistoric and early-modern inhabitants of the Okinawa islands in comparison to the contemporary people of Honshu

Fukase

Wakebe

Tsurumoto

et al. 2012

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Modern inhabitants of the Okinawa islands have been supposed to represent a relatively close genealogical connection to the prehistoric Jomon and the indigenous Ainu, when compared with people living on Japan's main island (Honshu). However, several previous studies have also clarified some morphological facial traits discernible between the early-modern Okinawans and the Jomon of Honshu. In the present study, to further evaluate the Jomon-Okinawan relationship, we compared facial forms between skeletal samples from the Okinawa islands and Honshu, both in the Jomon and early-modern periods. Results of the comparisons showed that the Okinawa Jomon tended to possess a flatter interorbital region than the Honshu Jomon, but most measurements did not significantly differ between the two Jomon groups. This confirms that people sharing both Jomon culture and fundamental facial features lived throughout almost the entire Japanese archipelago, including the Okinawa islands. Results also demonstrated that the early-modern Okinawans had a significantly lower and broader face with transversely broader and flatter interorbital region than the early-modern Honshu Japanese. Such facial characteristics of the early-modern Okinawans qualitatively matched those of the Okinawa Jomon. However, compared with the Okinawa Jomon, the early-modern Okinawans exhibited an absolutely taller/narrower face and a further flatter nasal root. This could stem in part from a certain amount of population flow from surrounding regions during historic periods, as suggested by many earlier studies. Nevertheless, the results obtained in this study indicate that, comparatively, modern Okinawan people have retained physical traits including facial forms of the Jomon who survived in the same southernmost islands of the Japanese archipelago. Geographical variations of modern Japanese phenotypes should also be accounted for partly by those of the ancestral Jomon characteristics that were manifested by the end of the Jomon period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial characteristics of the prehistoric and early-modern inhabitants of the Okinawa islands in comparison to the contemporary people of Honshu

Fukase

Wakebe

Tsurumoto

et al. 2012

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“…The population history of the Japanese has not been entirely clarified, but the bulk of the evidence suggests admixture between the Jomon people and the immigrant population lineages of the Yayoi period (c. 2350-1650 BP) thought to have come from the Asian continent. A dominant genetic influence of the latter is generally supposed (Hanihara, 1987(Hanihara, , 1991(Hanihara, , 1993Dodo and Ishida, 1990;Nakahashi, 1993;Omoto and Saitou, 1997), but the timing, extent, and nature of admixture appears to be regionally and temporally complex and remains the subject of active study (Ossenberg et al, 2006;Matsumura, 2007;Manabe et al, 2008;Nakahashi and Iizuka, 2008;Hanihara and Ishida, 2009;Ishida et al, 2009;Kawakubo et al, 2009).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of size and placement of developing teeth in determining anterior corpus height in prehistoric Jomon and modern Japanese mandibles

Fukase

Suwa

2010

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The juvenile mandible of the modern Japanese has a lower symphysis than that of the prehistoric Jomon, while the adult symphysis is conversely higher in the modern Japanese. This cannot be explained from population differences in masticatory environments. As an alternative factor that may influence symphyseal height, we examined tooth crypt size and placement patterns in the skeletal growth series of the two populations. Results showed that although the Jomon mandible had larger bicanine breadth than in the modern Japanese during growth, the modern Japanese has faster growing anterior teeth that became larger than those of the Jomon by the time of eruption, necessitating greater space. This is expressed as the faster growth rate of anterior alveolar height in the modern Japanese, measured as corpus height above the mandibular canal. Canine eruption distance and root length were greater in the modern Japanese than in the Jomon, corresponding to the increased difference of anterior corpus height between the two populations after canine eruption. However, the influence of tooth root length on anterior corpus height during later growth cannot be evaluated by this study. The present study suggests that the size and spatial dispositions of the developing anterior teeth have significant effects on symphyseal dimensions of the mandible until the time of tooth eruption.

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“…Many dental anthropologists see the Ainu (and the Jomon) as Southeast Asian sundadonts (Turner, 1987(Turner, , 1990(Turner, , 1992aHanihara, 1991;Matsumura, 1995Matsumura, , 2007Matsumura and Hudson, 2005;Manabe et al, 2008;Matsumura et al, 2009). It is often pointed out, moreover, that extensive dental size reduction occurs exclusively in Ainu and their Jomon predecessors, together with the Philippine Negritos in eastern Asia (Brace et al, 1989(Brace et al, , 1991Brace and Hunt, 1990;Hanihara and Ishida, 2005;Matsumura and Hudson, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, similar assessments have not been elucidated from a classic dental anthropological approach (Manabe et al, 2008;Matsumura et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative studies of the Ainu, their ancestors, and neighbors: assessment based on metric and nonmetric dental data

Kaburagi

Ishida

Goto

et al. 2010

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Using Mahalanobis' generalized distance for odontometric data and Smith's mean measure of divergence for nonmetric dental data, interpopulation similarities between four local Ainu groups from Sakhalin Island and Hokkaido, as well as their supposedly ancestral and neighboring populations, were analyzed. In this study, multidimensional scaling and multidimensional plots by Andrews were applied to the distance matrices to visualize the intergroup relationships. The results obtained reconfirm the dental association between the prehistoric Jomon and the recent Ainu. However, the diversity of the recent Ainu in Hokkaido is not necessarily accommodated in a single regional populational lineage, the Jomon. The present findings also suggest that admixture between the immigrants from Northeast Asia as represented by the Okhotsk culture people and the indigenous inhabitants in Hokkaido during the 5th-12th centuries AD may in part have contributed to the formation of the physical characteristic of the recent Ainu. In particular, the female Okhotsk culture sample shows closer affinity to the northeastern Hokkaido and the Sakhalin Ainu in some of the analyses presented in this study. Such findings are compatible with those obtained by craniometric analyses, supporting the hypothesis of higher migration rates among females than among males due to patrilocality or the shorter matrilineal generation interval.

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Population history of the northern and central Nansei Islands (Ryukyu island arc) based on dental morphological variations: gene flow from North Kyushu to Nansei Islands

Cited by 14 publications

References 41 publications

Facial characteristics of the prehistoric and early-modern inhabitants of the Okinawa islands in comparison to the contemporary people of Honshu

Facial characteristics of the prehistoric and early-modern inhabitants of the Okinawa islands in comparison to the contemporary people of Honshu

Influence of size and placement of developing teeth in determining anterior corpus height in prehistoric Jomon and modern Japanese mandibles

Comparative studies of the Ainu, their ancestors, and neighbors: assessment based on metric and nonmetric dental data

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