Population heterogeneity of higher-plant mitochondria in structure and function

Dai, Hwa; Lo, Yih‐Shan; Jane, Wann‐Neng; Lee, Li-Wen; Chiang, Kwen‐Sheng

doi:10.1016/s0171-9335(98)80062-9

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Mung bean mitochondria were prepared from 3-d-old etiolated mung bean seedlings and purified on a Suc gradient as described previously (Dai et al, 1998). Immunoblot analysis with the ribulose-1,5-bis-phosphate carboxylase/oxygenase L antibody was routinely performed to verify the purity of the isolated mitochondria.…”

Section: Mitochondria and Mitoplast Preparationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cotyledon mitochondria were isolated from cotyledons of different ages after the embryos were carefully and completely removed at 48C in mitochondrial isolation buffer (Dai et al, 1998). The mitochondria used in this study were harvested from cotyledons of seeds immersed in water at 48C for 12 h, at 48C for 12 h plus 278C for 2 h, at 278C for 12 h, and at 278C for 12 h followed by 12 h of growth in vermiculite (1-d-old and 2-to 5-d-old seedlings).…”

Section: Mitochondria and Mitoplast Preparationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Actin in Mung Bean Mitochondria and Implications for Its Function

Cheng

Hsiao

et al. 2011

The Plant Cell

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Here, a large fraction of plant mitochondrial actin was found to be resistant to protease and high-salt treatments, suggesting it was protected by mitochondrial membranes. A portion of this actin became sensitive to protease or high-salt treatment after removal of the mitochondrial outer membrane, indicating that some actin is located inside the mitochondrial outer membrane. The import of an actin-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein into the mitochondria in a transgenic plant, actin:GFP, was visualized in living cells and demonstrated by flow cytometry and immunoblot analyses. Polymerized actin was found in mitochondria of actin:GFP plants and in mung bean (Vigna radiata). Notably, actin associated with mitochondria purified from early-developing cotyledons during seed germination was sensitive to high-salt and protease treatments. With cotyledon aging, mitochondrial actin became more resistant to both treatments. The progressive import of actin into cotyledon mitochondria appeared to occur in concert with the conversion of quiescent mitochondria into active forms during seed germination. The binding of actin to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was demonstrated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Porin and ADP/ATP carrier proteins were also found in mtDNA-protein complexes. Treatment with an actin depolymerization reagent reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential and triggered the release of cytochrome C. The potential function of mitochondrial actin and a possible actin import pathway are discussed.

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Section: Mitochondria and Mitoplast Preparationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mitochondria and Mitoplast Preparationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actin in Mung Bean Mitochondria and Implications for Its Function

Cheng

Hsiao

et al. 2011

The Plant Cell

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“…DISCUSSION The existence of mitochondrial structures that require specific biogenesis triggers to initiate a pathway to maturation and proliferation has been documented in a variety of eukaryotes (38 -40). Reduced mitochondrial structures have been observed in both dried seeds and in meristematic zones in a variety of plants (41)(42)(43). Anaerobiosis is another scenario where such protomitochondria have been proposed to exist in both plants and yeast (2,6,12,19,23).…”

Section: Bn-polyacrylamide Gels Of Electron Transport Chainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Mitochondrial Proteome during the Anoxia to Air Transition in Rice Focus around Cytochrome-containing Respiratory Complexes

Millar

Trend

Heazlewood

2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The ability of rice seedlings to grow from dry seed under anoxia provides a rare opportunity in a multicellular eukaryote to study the stages of mitochondrial biogenesis triggered by oxygen availability. The function and proteome of rice mitochondria synthesized under 6 days of anoxia following 1 day of air adaptation have been compared with mitochondria isolated from 7-day aerobically grown rice seedlings. Rice coleoptiles grown under anoxia, and the mitochondria isolated from them respired very slowly compared with airadapted and air-grown seedlings. Immunodetection of key mitochondrial protein markers, isoelectric focusing electrophoresis followed by SDS-PAGE to make soluble mitochondria proteome maps, and shotgun sequencing of mitochondrial proteins by liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry all revealed similar patterns of the major function categories of mitochondrial proteins from both anoxic and air-adapted samples. Activity analysis showed respiratory oxidases markedly increased in activity during the air adaptation of seedlings. Blue-native electrophoresis followed by SDS-PAGE of mitochondrial membrane proteins clearly showed the very low abundance of assembled b/c 1 complex and cytochrome c oxidase complex in the mitochondrial membrane in anoxic samples and the dramatic increase in the abundance of these complexes on air adaptation. Total heme content, cytochrome absorbance spectra, and the electron carrier, cytochrome c, also increased markedly on air adaptation. These results likely reflect limited heme synthesis for cytochrome assembly in the absence of oxygen and represent a discrete and reversible blockage of full mitochondrial biogenesis in this anoxia-tolerant species.

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“…However, mitochondria in dry seed are in a state of suspended animation and are structurally and functionally deficient relative to typical mitochondria extracted from mature tissue, lacking defined cristae and internal structure (Logan et al, 2001;Howell et al, 2006;Attucci et al, 1991). Thus, for many years, researchers have investigated the extent to which these rudimentary mitochondria, termed promitochondria, are functional early during imbibition and the processes, collectively termed biogenesis, that are responsible for their full reactivation (Logan et al, 2001;Howell et al, 2006;Dai et al, 1998;Ehrenshaft and Brambl, 1990). Many of the results from those studies were obtained from experiments performed in vitro, on cell-free homogenates derived from thousands of cells, originating from a mix of embryonic tissues; thus, interpretation is hampered by dilution and averaging errors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arabidopsis Seed Mitochondria Are Bioenergetically Active Immediately upon Imbibition and Specialize via Biogenesis in Preparation for Autotrophic Growth

et al. 2017

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Seed germination is a vital developmental transition for production of progeny by sexual reproduction in spermatophytes. Quiescent cells in nondormant dry embryos are reawakened first by imbibition and then by perception of germination triggers. Reanimated tissues enter into a germination program requiring energy for expansion growth. However, germination requires that embryonic tissues develop to support the more energy-demanding processes of cell division and organogenesis of the new seedling. Reactivation of mitochondria to supply the required energy is thus a key process underpinning germination and seedling survival. Using live imaging, we investigated reactivation of mitochondrial bioenergetics and dynamics using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model. Bioenergetic reactivation, visualized by presence of a membrane potential, is immediate upon rehydration. However, reactivation of mitochondrial dynamics only occurs after transfer to germination conditions. Reactivation of mitochondrial bioenergetics is followed by dramatic reorganization of the chondriome (all mitochondrial in a cell, collectively) involving massive fusion and membrane biogenesis to form a perinuclear tubuloreticular structure enabling mixing of previously discrete mitochondrial DNA nucleoids. The end of germination coincides with fragmentation of the chondriome, doubling of mitochondrial number, and heterogeneous redistribution of nucleoids among the mitochondria, generating a population of mitochondria tailored to seedling growth.

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Population heterogeneity of higher-plant mitochondria in structure and function

Cited by 34 publications

References 45 publications

Actin in Mung Bean Mitochondria and Implications for Its Function

Actin in Mung Bean Mitochondria and Implications for Its Function

Changes in the Mitochondrial Proteome during the Anoxia to Air Transition in Rice Focus around Cytochrome-containing Respiratory Complexes

Arabidopsis Seed Mitochondria Are Bioenergetically Active Immediately upon Imbibition and Specialize via Biogenesis in Preparation for Autotrophic Growth

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