Population Growth and Production of Apocyclops dengizicus (Copepoda: Cyclopoida) Fed on Different Diets

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of various diets: 4 monoalgal diets: Nannochloropsis oculata (N), Isochrysis galbana (I), Chaetoceros calcitrans (C), and Tetraselmis tetrathele (T); 4 mixed algal diets: N+I+C+T(NICT), N+I+C(NIC), C+T(CT), and I+T(IT); and 2 nonalgal diets: baker's yeast (BY) and prepared shrimp feed (SF) on population growth and density of Apocyclops dengizicus. The type and density of diet had significant effects on the growth and density of A. dengizicus (P , 0.01). Of tested diets, T and CT were optimum diets due to higher density and growth rate of A. dengizicus compared to other diets. Their high dietary value was related to the higher contents of polyunsaturated fatty acid, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3), and arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) compared to A. dengizicus cultured on other diets. The results of the present study illustrated that T. tetrathele was the most suitable food for the culture of A. dengizicus.

Significance of microalgal–bacterial interactions for aquaculture

“…Production of microalgae to be used as feed Microalgae are an important part of the diet of many aquaculture organisms (Khatoon et al 2007(Khatoon et al , 2009Banerjee et al 2010) and the quantity of microalgae used as feed for aquaculture species often surpasses aquaculture production itself (Neori 2010). Some microalgae are highly nutritious (Yusoff et al 2004;Natrah et al 2007), and they are used effectively to enrich live-feed such as rotifers and microcrustaceans (Farhadian et al 2008(Farhadian et al , 2009Matias-Peralta et al 2012). In pond systems, the growth of microalgae in the culture water is either induced by adding fertilizer, excess feeds or fish metabolites, or through the reuse of effluents (Yusoff et al 2002, whereas in hatcheries, single or mixtures of pure microalgal strains are used and are normally cultured elsewhere before being added to the culture tanks (Lefebvre et al 2004).…”

Nutritional values ofApocyclops dengizicus(Copepoda: Cyclopoida) fedChaetocerous calcitransandTetraselmis tetrathele

“…This wide spectrum of sizes makes it a more suitable prey for fish/shrimp larvae. As for feeding habits, A. dengizicus consumes a wide range of cultured microalgae species, namely: Nannochloropsis oculata, Isochrysis galbana, Chaetocerous calcitrans and Tetraselmis tetrathele (Farhadian 2006; Farhadian, Yusoff & Arshad 2008), which makes it more convenient for culture.…”

Feeding ecology of Apocyclops procerus (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) under experimental conditions

“…The diatom T. weissflogii is cylindrical (15 μm in length on average) and may form short filamentous colonies, while C. muelleri is a short cylinder (6 μm long on average) but with long spines, 6 times its length. The haptophyte I. galbana is a small sphere with an average diameter of 5 μm, but presents the lowest nutritional contents of the three species (Viso & Marty, 1993;Perneta et al, 2003;Rivero-Rodriguez et al, 2007;Farhadian et al, 2008). The algal cultures were maintained under axenic conditions in a F2 algal medium (Guillard & Ryther, 1962), at a temperature of 25°C, irradiance of 80 μE/m 2 per s, and a 12 h photoperiod.…”

“…The effects of salinity, temperature, light and prey availability on egg production, development, longevity, swimming and predation behaviour of some Apocyclops species (e.g., A. denzigicus and A. royi) have been widely reported (e.g., Farhadian et al, 2008;Mohamed et al, 2008;Muthupriya & Altaff, 2009;Wu et al, 2011;Dhanker & Hwang, 2013;Lee et al, 2013;Farhadian et al, 2014). However, this is the first experimental study on Apocyclops procerus (Herbst, 1955).…”