Population Genomics of Human Viruses

Gónzález-Candelas, Fernando; Patiño-Galindo, Juan Ángel; Valiente-Mullor, Carlos

doi:10.1007/13836_2018_31

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 112 publications

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“…HIV-1 infection is highly diverse with the circulation of subtypes A (50–80%), D (10–20%), and C (5–15%) and multiple recombinants (10–20%) [ 13 , 14 ]. Extensive genetic heterogeneity is driven by several factors, such as the lack of proofreading ability of the reverse transcriptase (RT) [ 15 ], the rapid turnover of HIV-1 in vivo [ 16 ], host-selective immune pressures [ 17 ], leading to drug resistance selection pressure, and recombination events during replication [ 18 ]. HIV type 1 is divided into groups M, N, O, and P, more than 90% of HIV infections are derived from HIV-1 group M, and the rest are minor groups [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiretroviral (ARV) Drug Resistance and HIV-1 Subtypes among Injecting Drug Users in the Coastal Region of Kenya

Ng'ong'a

Ayodo

Kawaka

et al. 2022

Advances in Virology

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HIV-1 genetic diversity results into the development of widespread drug-resistant mutations (DRMs) for the first-line retroviral therapy. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated the relationship between DRMs and HIV-1 subtypes among HIV-positive injecting drug users (IDUs). This study therefore determined the association between HIV-1 genotypes and DRMs among the 200 IDUs. Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database was used to interpret DRMs. The five HIV-1 genotypes circulating among the IDUs were A1 (25 (53.2%)), A2 (2 (4.3%)), B (2 (4.3%)), C (9 (19.1%)), and D (9 (19.1%)). The proportions of DRMs were A1 (12 (52.2%)), A2 (1 (4.3%)), B (0 (0.0%)), C (5 (21.7%)), and D (5 (21.7%)). Due to the large proportion of drug resistance across all HIV-1 subtypes, surveillance and behavioral studies need to be explored as IDUs may be spreading the drug resistance to the general population. In addition, further characterization of DRMs including all the relevant clinical parameters among the larger population of IDUs is critical for effective drug resistance surveillance.

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