Population genetic theory of the assortative mating, sexual selection and natural selection of the two-spot ladybird, Adalia bipunctata

O'Donald, Peter; Derrick, Matthew; Majerus, Michael E. N.; Weir, Jacqueline E. S.

doi:10.1038/hdy.1984.6

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…An excess of females had been found in a wild sample of two-spots from South Wales (Tomlinson, 1989) and in samples of other ladybird species (Henderson & Albrecht, 1988), but had not been reported when sexing was performed for 'formal mating tests' in the past (Majerus et a!., 1982a(Majerus et a!., , 1986O'Donald et a!., 1984;O'Donald & Majerus, 1988;M. Majerus, personal communication).…”

Section: Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A feature of previous studies of mating using the Keele population of Adalia bipunctata (Majerus et al, 1982a(Majerus et al, , 1982b(Majerus et al, , 1986O'Donald et a!., 1984) was the lack of heterogeneity in the experimental results. Not only was there close agreement between mating frequencies in the wild and in the laboratory but there was also consistency both between experiments to select for the female preference and within isofemale lines'.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-random mating in Adalia bipunctata (the two-spot ladybird). II. Further tests for female mating preference

et al. 1992

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Tests for non-random mating in laboratory stocks of Adalia bipunctata showed that female twospot ladybirds from 'isofemale lines', which had formerly mated preferentially with melanic males, now mated at random. In an attempt to obtain new stocks in which females mated preferentially, we isolated 'isofemale lines' from a natural population at Keele, but we found no evidence of females mating preferentially within these stocks. We did, however, observe two interesting phenomena, not previously reported from Keele populations of Adalia bipunctata, or from laboratory stocks derived from the Keele population. Firstly, much of the variation in male mating success, which we observed, could be explained by the date on which the mating tests were carried out. Secondly, there was significant heterogeneity in sex ratios among some of the stocks. We discuss the potential importance of both these phenomena when designing experiments and interpreting data regarding non-random mating in Adalia bipunctata.

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Section: Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-random mating in Adalia bipunctata (the two-spot ladybird). II. Further tests for female mating preference

et al. 1992

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“…And here there is another important difference. In Majerus' original samples, hundreds of ladybirds were collected and thousands were classified in the field, the melanics occurring at a frequency of 35 per cent at Keele (see, for example, O'Donald, et a!., 1984). KTVO managed to collect a total of only 61 ladybirds of which six were melanic: the melanic frequency appeared to have dropped from 35 to 10 per cent in the period between the collection of the two samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-random mating in Adalia bipunctata (the two-spot ladybird). III. New evidence of genetic preference

O'Donald

Majerus

1992

Heredity

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Isofemale lines of ladybirds produced from a selected stock varied widely in female preference for melanic males. An attempt to repeat these results failed. The ladybirds used in the repeat experiment were collected from a wild population in which melanic frequencies had dropped from 35 to 10 per cent in 3 years. In this repeat experiment, the overall mating rate was twice that of the original experiment. The failure of the repeat experiment can be attributed either to a loss of preference or to the preference not being expressed at high mating rates. New lines were set up from a sample collected in Glasgow where high levels of preferential mating occur in the wild population. Mating tests on these lines strongly corroborated the results of the original isofemale line experiment: some lines showed high preference, others intermediate or no preference. The overall mating rate was low -one-quarter of that in the unsuccessful repeat experiment. Samples collected from areas high in melanics showed high preference. Lower levels of preference were found where melanics are less common. Where no melanics occur, preference is absent. These results provide further evidence of genetic preference in ladybirds.

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“…2) and their variability between populations (see also Brakefield, 1984c) suggests that in any case they are unlikely to provide a unitary explanation for the polymorphism. Seasonal selection may, however, contribute in some regions to maintaining the polymorphism by interacting with other factors such as a balance between migration and selection or frequency-dependent effects introduced by forms of sexual selection or differential timing of reproduction (see Brakefield, 1984b;O'Donald et al, 1984). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential winter mortality and seasonal selection in the polymorphic ladybird Adalia bipunctata (L) in the Netherlands

Brakefield

1985

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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Seasonal selection acting on the melanic polymorphism in the two-spot ladybird Adalia bipunrtala was investigated in The Netherlands. An increase in melanic frequency over the spring-summer reproductive period was quantified. The selective advantage gained by melanics averaged 9",,, but significant heterogeneity occurred between populations. Adult hibernation behaviour is described. The beetles when outdoors show a highly clumped distribution both between and within trees. The distribution of the morph classes between aggregations is random. Survivorship in a hibernating cohort (initial n = 1898) on a grid of 70 lime trees near Utrecht was monitored by making three counts over the winter of 1981-1982. Intense selection favouring each melanic morph occurred during December and January. The relative fitness of non-melanics was 0.55 (melanics = I ) . The discovery of dead beetles in late January (about 50, of total losses) and the absence of spatially density-dependent mortality were consistent with a climatic stress rather than selective predation. The period of selection was associated with very cold temperatures averaging up to 4°C below normal and an overall mortality of nearly 75O,. There was no change in morph frequency, near normal temperatures and a lower mortality from February to early April. Examination of groups of nearby trees in late January strongly suggested that similar differential mortality had occurred except on some willows. This difference was probably due to the more protected hibernation sites available on these trees. Samples of hibernating cohorts at three other sites showed no evidence of differential mortality. Laboratory experimrnts with hibernating beetles found no difference in survivorship or rate of weight loss between starved non-melanics and melanics in temperature regimes with and without periods of adult activity. I t is concluded that the intense winter selection on the study limes is probably exceptional. Examination of changes in morph frequency through the annual cycle suggests that at some sites the selection favouring melanics during reproduction is counterbalanced by selection against melanics in late summer or early autumn. The results are discussed in relation to mathematical models of cyclical selection and to other field studies including that of TimoReR-Ressovsky ( 1940), who found large drcrrascs in melanic frequency during hibernation in Berlin.

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Population genetic theory of the assortative mating, sexual selection and natural selection of the two-spot ladybird, Adalia bipunctata

Cited by 23 publications

References 11 publications

Non-random mating in Adalia bipunctata (the two-spot ladybird). II. Further tests for female mating preference

Non-random mating in Adalia bipunctata (the two-spot ladybird). II. Further tests for female mating preference

Non-random mating in Adalia bipunctata (the two-spot ladybird). III. New evidence of genetic preference

Differential winter mortality and seasonal selection in the polymorphic ladybird Adalia bipunctata (L) in the Netherlands

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