Population genetic structure of wild and hatchery black rockfish Sebastes inermis in Korea, assessed using cross-species microsatellite markers

Abstract

ABSTRACT. The population structure of the black rockfish, Sebastes inermis (Sebastidae), was estimated using 10 microsatellite loci developed for S. schlegeli on samples of 174 individuals collected from three wild and three hatchery populations in Korea. Reduced genetic variation was detected in hatchery strains [overall number of alleles (N A ) = 8.07; allelic richness (A R ) = 7.37; observed heterozygosity (H O ) = 0.641] compared with the wild samples (overall N A = 8.43; A R = 7.83; H O = 0.670), but the difference was not significant. Genetic differentiation among the populations was significant (overall F ST = 0.0237, P < 0.05). Pairwise F ST tests, neighbor-joining tree, and Population genetic structure of black rockfish in Korea principal component analyses showed significant genetic heterogeneity among the hatchery strains and between wild and hatchery strains, but not among the wild populations, indicating high levels of gene flow along the southern coast of Korea, even though the black rockfish is a benthic, non-migratory marine species. Genetic differentiation among the hatchery strains could reflect genetic drift due to intensive breeding practices. Thus, in the interests of optimal resource management, genetic variation should be monitored and inbreeding controlled within stocks in commercial breeding programs. Information on genetic population structure based on cross-species microsatellite markers can aid in the proper management of S. inermis populations.

Comparison of genetic diversity between wild-caught broodstock and hatchery-produced offspring populations of the vulnerable Korean kelp grouper (Epinephelus bruneus) by microsatellites

“…N A = 19.96 ± 6.6, mean H E = 0.77 ± 0.19; averages of 12 species) for other marine fish (DeWoody and Avise, 2000). Similar genetic variability has been reported for other demersal fish species, such as the Korean wild starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus; An et al, 2011a) and the Korean black rockfish (Sebastes inermis; An et al, 2011b), and for other serranid species (Wang et al, 2011;An et al, 2012bAn et al, , 2014, suggesting that demersal serranid fish species may be less diverse, small, and isolated compared to migratory fish. When the level of diversity in the hatchery-produced offspring population was compared with that of the wild-caught broodstock population, no significant difference was observed in the average expected heterozygosity but there was a significant difference in the average number of alleles per locus between the two populations; i.e., on average, 52% reduction in the number of alleles, 95.1% reduction in the number of unique alleles, and 17.7% reduction in expected heterozygosity were observed in offspring.…”

Molecular analysis revealed genetic decline in hatchery-produced Cyprinus carpio

“…The highest mean number of alleles, allelic richness and effective number of alleles were observed in GUJW population while, the lowest in BWP hatchery population. The change of allelic composition of the hatchery population may be ascribed to the inbreeding and founder effects of artificial and natural selection in the culture environment (An et al, 2011b) and this deficiency is attributed to improper domestication processes happened in the hatchery populations. Equivalent conclusions were reported by Sekino et al (2002) who detected the reduced number of alleles in hatchery strains of Japanese flounder.…”

Genetic differences between the wild and hatchery-produced populations of Korean short barbeled grunter (Hapalogenys nitens) determined with microsatellite markers

“…Hence, the heterozygote deficits observed in this study may have arisen, at least in part, from inbreeding. In hatchery populations, heterozygote deficiency is commonly caused by the limited number of founders, inbreeding, or both (Kohlmann et al, 2005;An et al, 2011b). This deficit may also be attributed to improper domestication processes occurring in the hatchery populations.…”