Population genetic structure of wild boar Sus scrofa in Bulgaria as revealed by microsatellite analysis

Nikolov, Ivan; Gum, Bernhard; Марков, Георги; Kuehn, Ralph

doi:10.4098/j.at.0001-7051.049.2008

Cited by 34 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Even pure WBB genotypes E + /E + were detected in EBP (22%) and pure E P /E P genotypes were revealed in the wild boar group NWG (7%). These results confirmed the suggestion of Genov et al (1991) and the hypothesis of Nikolov et al (2009) about the possible introgression between EBP and wild boars in Bulgaria. However, the exclusive use of the MC1R gene marker could overestimate the introgression rate from EBP into WBB as mentioned by Fontanesi et al (2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…We used DNA of 289 WBB individuals analyzed by Nikolov et al (2009) For subsequent analysis (Bayesian clustering and Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC)), the entire sample set was divided in four groups. One group included all EBP samples, one consisted of CPB, and the wild boar individuals were split in two groups according to the results of Nikolov et al (2009), reporting two main genetic groups in Bulgaria (north group (NWG) and south group (SWG)) for WBB ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Study Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ten polymorphic and independent microsatellites (Rohrer et al 1994;Lowden et al 2002) were selected for this study (Supplementary Table S1). Details of DNA extraction, PCR protocol, and genotyping procedures are described in Nikolov et al (2009).…”

Section: Study Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The herds predominantly feed on natural food sources as they have been reared outdoors for centuries in small (20-30 individuals) or in large groups (200-300 pigs) (Hlebarov 1921). Due to this rearing condition introgression between EBP and Bulgarian wild boars (WBB) is very likely to have occurred (Genov et al 1991;Nikolov et al 2009). Evidences of hybridisation between wild boars and domestic pigs have been found in Slovenia, in Western Balkan regions, and in Italy (Scandura et al 2008;Fontanesi et al 2014), Belgium and Luxembourg (Frantz et al 2013), Great Britain (Frantz et al 2012), Greece (Koutsogiannouli et al 2010), and Croatia (Sprem et al 2014) based on the analysis of genetic markers (microsatellites, mitochondrial DNA, and coat colour linked genes).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Substantial hybridisation between wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa) and East Balkan pigs (Sus scrofa f. domestica) in natural environment as a result of semi-wild rearing in Bulgaria

Nikolov¹,

Stoeckle²,

Марков³

et al. 2017

Czech J. Anim. Sci.

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Nikolov I.S., Stoeckle B.C., Markov G., Kuehn R. (2017): Substantial hybridisation between wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa) and East Balkan pigs (Sus scrofa f. domestica) in natural environment as a result of semiwild rearing in Bulgaria. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 62, 1-8.The East Balkan pig (EBP) is a traditional domestic pig breed in Bulgaria managed in semi-wild conditions and well-adapted to the continental climate and rearing on pastures. From the genetical and historical point of view it is important to preserve this ancient breed. However, over the last several years, a dramatic decline of EBP herds has been observed. Moreover, introgression between EBP and wild boar in Bulgaria (WBB) is very likely to have occurred. In this study we used a set of 10 microsatellites and the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method on melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) polymorphisms to study the degree of hybridisation between WBB, EBP, and a commercial pig breed (CPB). MC1R results identified WBB-EBP hybrids and the analysis of the microsatellite data with a Bayesian assignment approach and the Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components revealed a low genetic differentiation between WBB and EBP and a high amount of introgression of WBB into EBP. A mentionable introgression of CPB into EBP was also revealed. It is apparent that the traditional rearing system of EBP, which is hundreds of years old, has led to a permanent hybridisation between WBB and EBP. In our opinion, the preservation of the semi-wild rearing system is a prerequisite for the conservation of this old, indigenous pig breed and its genetic composition, as the semi-wild rearing system allows the continuous introgression with WBB. Moreover, the introgression of commercial breeds into EBP or WBB should be prevented. Due to the bidirectional gene flow these hybridisation events would have negative consequences (i.e. loss of viability and adaptation) for the wild boars as well as for the indigenous pig breed.Keywords: microsatellites; PCR-RFLP; melanocortin-1 receptor; introgression; local pig breed; commercial pig breedThe East Balkan (Iztochno-Balkanska) pig (Sus scrofa f. domestica) (EBP) is an indigenous breed in Bulgaria. EBP is characterized by middle-sized to big heads with a long muzzle, short necks, small and almost standing ears, middle long and very strong legs, and sharp, smooth and rough bristles,

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Study Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Substantial hybridisation between wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa) and East Balkan pigs (Sus scrofa f. domestica) in natural environment as a result of semi-wild rearing in Bulgaria

Nikolov¹,

Stoeckle²,

Марков³

et al. 2017

Czech J. Anim. Sci.

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“…In that study, different clustering results were obtained depending on whether introduced individuals were included in the analysis or not. A striking differentiation was found between wild boars from the north and the south of Bulgaria, where the Thracian valley was reported to act as a barrier (Nikolov et al, 2009). Notably, in none of these studies the possibility of introgression from either exotic wild populations or local domestic stocks was taken into account.…”

Section: Scandura Et Almentioning

confidence: 93%

Effects of human perturbation on the genetic make-up of an island population: the case of the Sardinian wild boar

et al. 2010

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Game species are often manipulated by human beings, whose activities can deeply affect their genetic make-up and population structure. We focused on a geographically isolated wild boar population (Sardinia, Italy), which is classified, together with the Corsican population, as a separate subspecies (Sus scrofa meridionalis). Two hundred and ten wild boars collected across Sardinia were analysed with a set of 10 microsatellites and compared with 296 reference genotypes from continental wild populations and to a sample of domestic pigs. The Sardinian population showed remarkable diversity and a high proportion of private alleles, and strongly deviated from the equilibrium. A Bayesian cluster analysis of only the Sardinian sample revealed a partition into five subpopulations. However, two different Bayesian approaches to the assignment of individuals, accounting for different possible source populations, produced consistent results and proved the admixed nature of the Sardinian population. Indeed, introgressive hybridization with boars from multiple sources (Italian peninsula, central Europe, domestic stocks) was detected, although poor evidence of crossbreeding with free-ranging domestic pigs was unexpectedly found. After excluding individuals who carried exotic genes, the population re-entered HardyWeinberg proportions and a clear population structure with three subpopulations emerged. Therefore, the inclusion of introgressed animals in the Bayesian analysis implied an overestimation of the number of clusters. Nonetheless, two of them were consistent between analyses and corresponded to highly pure stocks, located, respectively, in northwest and south-west Sardinia. This work shows the critical importance of including adequate reference samples when studying the genetic structure of managed wild populations.

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Multiscale landscape genetic analysis identifies major waterways as a barrier to dispersal of feral pigs in north Queensland, Australia

Ryan,

Prentis,

Fuller

2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Feral pigs (Sus scrofa) are a destructive and widespread invasive pest in Australia. An understanding of feral pig movement is required to develop management strategies to control feral pigs in Australia. Because landscape structure can have a strong influence on animal movement, it is important to determine how landscape features facilitate or impede the movement of feral pigs. Consequently, we conducted a landscape genetic analysis of feral pig populations in the Herbert region of far north Queensland, Australia, to determine management units and provide recommendations to better inform feral pig population control strategies. Using microsatellite data obtained from 256 feral pig samples from 44 sites, we examined feral pig population structure at multiple spatial scales for univariate and multivariate landscape resistance surfaces to determine the optimal spatial scale and to identify which of the nine landscape features tested impede or facilitate feral pig gene flow. Only weak genetic structure was found among the 44 sampling sites, but major waterways were identified as a minor barrier to gene flow, and an isolation by distance model was supported. We also found that highways facilitated gene flow across the study area, and this suggests that they may act as movement corridors or indicate translocation of feral pigs. Additionally, incorporating a second spatial scale enhanced the ability of our landscape genetics analysis to detect the influence of landscape structure on gene flow. We identified three management units based on natural barriers to gene flow and future targeted control should be undertaken in these management units to deliver sustained reduction of feral pig populations in the Herbert region. This study demonstrates how a landscape genetic approach can be used to gain insight into the ecology of an invasive pest species and be used to develop population control strategies which utilise natural barriers to movement.

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Population genetic structure of wild boar Sus scrofa in Bulgaria as revealed by microsatellite analysis

Cited by 34 publications

References 29 publications

Substantial hybridisation between wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa) and East Balkan pigs (Sus scrofa f. domestica) in natural environment as a result of semi-wild rearing in Bulgaria

Substantial hybridisation between wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa) and East Balkan pigs (Sus scrofa f. domestica) in natural environment as a result of semi-wild rearing in Bulgaria

Effects of human perturbation on the genetic make-up of an island population: the case of the Sardinian wild boar

Multiscale landscape genetic analysis identifies major waterways as a barrier to dispersal of feral pigs in north Queensland, Australia

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