Population genetic structure and life history variability in Oncorhynchus nerka from the Snake River basin: Final report

Waples, Robin S.; Aebersold, Paul B.; Winans, Gary A.

doi:10.2172/754028

Cited by 19 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…The McBride Mexican wolf captive population had an average inbreeding coefficient of 0.19 before it was crossed with two other captive populations having inbreeding coefficients of 0.61 and 0.26 (Kalinowski et al 1999;Hedrick and Fredrickson 2007). Black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) lost approximately two-thirds of their genetic diversity in the thirty-years following 1972 (Wisely et al 2002), and, therefore have inbreeding coefficients of approximately 0.66.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These fish probably originated from a combination of anadromous spawners in 1989 and 1990 (years for which no anadromous adults were observed but a low level of spawning could not be excluded) and residual sockeye In the fall, a single, male, anadromous sockeye (BY87) returned and was quickly dubbed ''Lonesome Larry.'' His milt was frozen for use in subsequent years A small group of kokanee-sized O. nerka were observed near the sockeye spawning beach on the shore of Redfish Lake (Waples et al 1997). This area is well separated from the kokanee spawning site in the inlet stream, Fishhook Creek; furthermore, these small fish were spawning at the same time as the sockeye (late September-October), which is about 4-6 weeks after peak kokanee spawning (mid August).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, these small spawners were dull green rather than bright red-a trait that is unusual in sockeye or kokanee but common in what are termed ''residual'' sockeye, which are progeny of anadromous O. nerka that never go to sea. Genetic analysis showed that these residual sockeye were genetically distinct from Fishhook Creek kokanee but closely allied to the outmigrants and to the adult sockeye (Waples et al 1997). Three of these residuals were collected and incorporated into the program 1993 In the spring, 48 outmigrants were captured leaving Redfish Lake.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The first founders to be brought into captivity were outmigrating smolts captured in the spring of 1991. The origin of these fish was originally unknown, but genetic analyses later showed these fish were genetically distinct from Redfish Lake kokanee (Waples et al 1997;Cummings et al 1997), and genetically similar to anadromous fish returning to Redfish Lake in the fall of 1991. Residual adult salmon were captured in 1992, 1993, and 1995 and incorporated in the captive broodstock program.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Residual salmon are offspring of anadromous O. nerka that do not go to sea. They are genetically distinct from kokanee, another form of landlocked O. nerka that spend their entire life cycle in fresh water and also live in Redfish Lake (Waples et al 1997;Cummings et al 1997). Genetic analysis showed these adults were genetically similar to the anadromous sockeye (Cummings et al 1997).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Genetic diversity in the Snake River sockeye salmon captive broodstock program as estimated from broodstock records

et al. 2012

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Snake River sockeye salmon spawning in Redfish Lake, Idaho are one of the most endangered taxa of Pacific salmon. The wild population nearly went extinct in the 1990s, and all surviving fish were incorporated into a captive broodstock program at that time. We used pedigree analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of the breeding program in retaining genetic variation from 1991 through 2008. Broodstock records document which males were crossed with which females, but fish from multiple crosses were frequently raised in the same tank so the exact pedigree of the population is unknown. Therefore, a simulation-based approach was used to estimate how much genetic diversity was retained by this breeding program. Results indicate that in 2008, after 5.5 generations of breeding, the average inbreeding coefficient was probably about 0.056. We estimated the inbreeding effective population size to be 41 over the entire program and 115 for the most recent generation. This amount of inbreeding is substantially less than has occurred in many high-profile captive breeding programs. Our results depend on several assumptions regarding the relatedness of fish in the breeding program, but simulations suggest our main results are relatively insensitive to these assumptions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Genetic diversity in the Snake River sockeye salmon captive broodstock program as estimated from broodstock records

et al. 2012

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Single‐parentage assignments reveal negative‐assortative mating in an endangered salmonid

Steele

Delomas

Campbell

et al. 2022

Ecology and Evolution

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Understanding reproductive patterns in endangered species is critical for supporting their recovery efforts. In this study we use a combination of paired‐parent and single‐parent assignments to examine the reproductive patterns in an endangered population of sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka ) that uses Redfish Lake in central Idaho as a spawning and nursery lake. Recovery efforts include the release of maturing adults into the lake for volitional spawning. The lake is also inhabited by a population of resident O . nerka that is genetically indistinguishable, but phenotypically smaller, to the maturing adults released into the lake. The resident population is difficult to sample and the reproductive patterns between the two groups are unknown. We used results of paired‐ and single‐parentage assignments to specifically examine the reproductive patterns of male fish released into the lake under an equal sex ratio and a male‐biased sex ratio. Assignment results of offspring leaving the lake indicated a reproductive shift by males under the two scenarios. Males displayed an assortative mating pattern under an equal sex ratio and spawned almost exclusively with the released females. Under a male‐biased sex ratio most males shifted to a negative‐assortative mating pattern and spawned with smaller females from the resident population. These males were younger and smaller than males that spawned with released females suggesting they were unable to compete with larger males for spawning opportunities with the larger, released females. The results provided insights into the reproductive behavior of this endangered population and has implications for recovery efforts.

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Density Dependence in Three Snake River Sockeye Salmon Nursery Lakes in Central Idaho

Griswold¹,

Kohler

Tardy

et al. 2022

N American J Fish Manag

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Snake River Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka, listed as an endangered species in 1991, currently inhabit three nursery lakes (Redfish, Pettit, and Alturas lakes) in the Sawtooth Valley, Idaho. Conspecific kokanee (lacustrine Sockeye Salmon) are also present in the lakes. Snake River Sockeye Salmon recovery efforts, initially focused on genetic conservation, are now attempting to rebuild naturally spawning populations using hatchery supplementation. However, in Sockeye Salmon nursery lakes, density dependence is frequently observed when elevated O. nerka abundance leads to declines in zooplankton biomass, body size, and shifts in community composition. In turn, these changes lead to reductions in juvenile O. nerka growth rates, survival, and adult returns. We examined a long‐term data set of O. nerka population metrics and associated zooplankton community metrics. We found evidence of density dependence within and among nursery lakes. We detected differences in zooplankton biomass, lengths of preferred zooplankton prey (Daphnia spp. and cyclopoid copepods), parr growth rates, and age‐1 smolt size among the three lakes. We found negative relationships between O. nerka density and zooplankton biomass and size. We identified positive relationships between zooplankton biomass and two response variables: smolt size at migration and growth rates of hatchery parr. The relationships were generally similar among lakes. Variable outcomes were a result of differences in O. nerka density (or zooplankton biomass), controlled primarily by the relative proportion of spawning and rearing habitat in each lake. Understanding unique lake habitats, ecological interactions, and the role of density dependence is germane to management of Snake River Sockeye Salmon populations.

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Population genetic structure and life history variability in Oncorhynchus nerka from the Snake River basin: Final report

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Genetic diversity in the Snake River sockeye salmon captive broodstock program as estimated from broodstock records

Genetic diversity in the Snake River sockeye salmon captive broodstock program as estimated from broodstock records

Single‐parentage assignments reveal negative‐assortative mating in an endangered salmonid

Density Dependence in Three Snake River Sockeye Salmon Nursery Lakes in Central Idaho

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