POPULATION FLUCTUATION OF ADULT MALES OF THE FRUIT FLY, Bactrocera tau Walker (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) IN PASSION FRUIT ORCHARDS IN RELATION TO ABIOTIC FACTORS AND SANITATION

Abstract

Fruit fly (Bactrocera tau) is the most destructive pest on some fruits in Indonesia. Monitoring of the pest population is essential as one of the procedures in the IPM concept. The study aimed to investigate the seasonal fluctuation of adult males of B. tau and their damage on passion fruits in relation to abiotic factors. The research was done by a survey method on three plots of passion fruit orchards in Alahan Panjang, West Sumatra, Indonesia from March to December 2005. In plot 1 the farmer practiced sanitation by removing damaged fruits and weeds from the orchard. In the plots 2 and 3 no sanitation was practiced. Each plot was 1 ha in size. The parameters observed were density of adult male B. tau and climatic factors (rainfall per day, number of rainy days, and average day temperature). Empty mineral water bottle traps were used to catch adult males of B. tau. Each plot had 16 traps set up with cue lure as fruit fly attractant. Each trap was baited with 3 ml cue lure on a cotton wick (1 cm diameter). The cotton wick was rebaited at 2-week intervals. The traps were placed on host plants about 1.5 m above the ground. Trapped flies were collected every two weeks and counted. The data were analyzed by correlation analysis. The results revealed that the number of male B. tau in three orchards showed a similar fluctuation during the study period with a major peak in July. The lower numbers of flies captured in plot 1 (with sanitation) compared to the two other plots (without sanitation) were consistent with a lower percentage of damaged fruits in the plot 1 compared to the other two. The percentage of damaged fruits gradually decreased over time to about 20% in plot 1 which is lower than that in the other two plots (30-40%). The number of fruit flies captured with cue lure baited traps correlated positively with all three abiotic factors studied. The seasonal fluctuation of the fruit fly population and the damage to the fruits are necessary to be studied as a procedure in IPM for controlling B. tau.

Delimiting survey and seasonal activity of peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata and Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: tephritidae) at El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt

“…Results were supported by the data of Hui and Liu (2005) in China, who reported a positive significant correlation between monthly capture rates of B. dorsalis and the monthly average minimal temperatures. Also, our results were in agreement with that of Mahmood and Tullah (2007) in Punjab, on PFF, B. dorsalis and B. cucurbitae, Hasyimab et al (2008) in Indonesia, on B. tau., Abdul Alim et al (2012) in Bangladesh, on B. cucurbitae, Ghanim (2009) in Dakahlia, Egypt, on PFF in spring season 2006/07, El-Metwally and Amin (2010) in Egypt, on PFF through 2010, and El-Gendy and El-Saadany (2012) in Egypt, on PFF.…”

Using two-sex life tables to determine fitness parameters of fourBactroceraspecies (Diptera: Tephritidae) reared on a semi-artificial diet

“…In contrast, high levels of infestation by other Bactrocera species have been reported: for example, 41-89% infestation rates by B. cucurbitae in bitter gourd (Lall & Sinha, 1959;Kushwaha et al, 1973). In Asia, approximately 15-40% losses in fruit are caused by B. tau infestation (Hasyim et al, 2016). And the losses level varies from 30 to 100% (Gupta & Verma, 1978;Dhillon et al, 2005), which depends on the infested vegetable species and seasons.…”

Population Fluctuations of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) with Respect to some Ecological Factors in Peach Orchards

“…Population of MFF therefore is highly affected by host fruit ripening and climatic conditions. Although there were several studies examined the effects of different weather factors on different fruit fly species on the same or different host plants such as rainfall, rainy days and night land surface temperature (Mahmood et al, 2002;Hasyim et al, 2008;Robert et al, 2013 andOrdano et al, 2015). Continuous investigations and updating the information for its populations at various situations would generate the information regarding its biology and ecology that is critical to foresee with its status.…”