Population Dynamics of Anopheles albimanus (Diptera: Culicidae) at Ipetí-Guna, a Village in a Region Targeted for Malaria Elimination in Panamá

Hurtado, Lisbeth; Rigg, Chystrie; Calzada, José E.; Dutary, Sahir R.; Bernal, Damaris; Koo, Susana; Chaves, Luis Fernando

doi:10.3390/insects9040164

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 87 publications

(121 reference statements)

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“…In both cases, these changes accompanied a standard malaria elimination protocol in place since 2009 [2], the "transmission blockage" described in the introduction, which is based on reactive human case surveillance coupled with supervised treatments and vector control, following the detection of locally transmitted malaria cases. Although this blockage can immediately reduce transmission, our results suggest that eliminating infection reservoirs with appropriate treatments and focalized MDAs may play a critical role for malaria elimination and can fill an important gap in reducing transmission, considering that the dominant malaria vector species in Mesoamerica and Mexico, Anopheles albimanus, is mainly exophilic and exophagic [20][21][22]. IRS thus may have limited impacts on its ability to reduce malaria transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Malaria Elimination in Costa Rica: Changes in Treatment and Mass Drug Administration

et al. 2020

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Costa Rica is a candidate to eliminate malaria by 2020. The remaining malaria transmission hotspots are located within the Huétar Norte Region (HNR), where 90% of the country’s 147 malaria cases have occurred since 2016, following a 33-month period without transmission. Here, we examine changes in transmission with the implementation of a supervised seven-day chloroquine and primaquine treatment (7DCPT). We also evaluate the impact of a focal mass drug administration (MDA) in January 2019 at Boca Arenal, the town in HNR reporting the greatest local transmission. We found that the change to a seven-day treatment protocol, from the prior five-day program, was associated with a 98% reduction in malaria transmission. The MDA helped to reduce transmission, keeping the basic reproduction number, RT, significantly below 1, for at least four months. However, following new imported cases from Nicaragua, autochthonous transmission resumed. Our results highlight the importance of appropriate treatment delivery to reduce malaria transmission, and the challenge that highly mobile populations, if their malaria is not treated, pose to regional elimination efforts in Mesoamerica and México.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Malaria Elimination in Costa Rica: Changes in Treatment and Mass Drug Administration

et al. 2020

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“…nuñeztovari, and Ny. albitarsis (Sinka et al, 2012;Conn et al, 2013;Fernández et al, 2014;Laporta et al, 2015;Ahumada et al, 2016) are all implicated as vectors of P. vivax (da Silva et al, 2006;Neves et al, 2013;Rios-Velasquez et al, 2013;Hurtado et al, 2018;Martins-Campos et al, 2018;Prussing et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ookinete-Specific Genes and 18S SSU rRNA Evidenced in Plasmodium vivax Selection and Adaptation by Sympatric Vectors

González-Cerón¹,

Rodrı́guez²,

Ovilla-Muñoz³

et al. 2020

Front. Genet.

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In the southern Pacific coast of Chiapas, Mexico (SM), the two most abundant vector species, Nyssorhynchus albimanus and Anopheles pseudopunctipennis, were susceptible to different Plasmodium vivax Pvs25/28 haplotypes. To broaden our understanding of the existing P. vivax in the area, genes encoding proteins relevant for ookinete development and the 18S rRNA were studied. P. vivax infectivity (percentage of infected mosquitoes and oocyst numbers) was evaluated by simultaneously feeding infected blood samples from patients to Ny. albimanus and An. pseudopunctipennis female mosquitoes. Three infectivity patterns were identified: one group of parasites were more infective to An. pseudopunctipennis than to Ny. albimanus, another group was more infective to Ny. albimanus, while a third group infected both vectors similarly. In 29 parasite isolates, the molecular variations of ookinete-specific genes and the 18S rRNA-type S were analyzed. Using concatenated sequences, phylogenetic trees, and Structure analysis, parasite clustering within SM isolates and between these and those from other geographical origins were investigated. A ML phylogenetic tree resolved two parasite lineages: PvSM-A and PvSM-B. They were associated to a different 18S rRNA variant. PvSM-A parasites had 18S rRNA variant rV2 and correspond to parasites causing high oocyst infection in Ny. albimanus. A new ML tree and Structure analysis, both comprising global sequences, showed PvSM-A clustered with Latin American parasites. Meanwhile, all isolates of PvSM-B had 18S rRNA variant rV1 and remained as unique genetic cluster comprising two subgroups: PvSM-Ba, producing high infection in An. pseudopunctipennis, and PvSM-Bb, causing similar oocyst infection in both vector species. PvSM-A parasites were genetically similar to parasites from South America.Meanwhile, PvSM-B were exclusive to southern Mexico and share ancestry with Asian parasites. The results suggest that these lineages evolved separately, likely by geographic and vector restriction.

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“…darlingi can rapidly reach high densities, which makes it necessary to implement mosquito population control measures at times in which density is lower. In general, this low density is reached during drought periods, and control measures implemented at that time would limit population abundance after rains [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior and abundance of Anopheles darlingi in communities living in the Colombian Amazon riverside

et al. 2019

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In the past few years, relative frequencies of malaria parasite species in communities living in the Colombian Amazon riverside have changed, being Plasmodium vivax (61.4%) and Plasmodium malariae (43.8%) the most frequent. Given this epidemiological scenario, it is important to determine the species of anophelines involved in these parasites’ transmission. This study was carried out in June 2016 in two indigenous communities living close to the tributaries of the Amazon River using protected human bait. The results of this study showed a total abundance of 1,085 mosquitos, of which 99.2% corresponded to Anopheles darlingi . Additionally, only two anopheline species were found, showing low diversity in the study areas. Molecular confirmation of some individuals was then followed by evolutionary analysis by using the COI gene. Nested PCR was used for identifying the three Plasmodium species circulating in the study areas. Of the two species collected in this study, 21.0% of the An . darlingi mosquitoes were infected with P . malariae , 21.9% with P . vivax and 10.3% with Plasmodium falciparum . It exhibited exophilic and exophagic behavior in both study areas, having marked differences regarding its abundance in each community (Tipisca first sampling 49.4%, Tipisca second sampling 39.6% and Doce de Octubre 10.9%). Interestingly, An . mattogrossensis infected by P . vivax was found for the first time in Colombia (in 50% of the four females collected). Analysis of An . darlingi COI gene diversity indicated a single population maintaining a high gene flow between the study areas. The An . darlingi behavior pattern found in both communities represents a risk factor for the region’s inhabitants living/working near these sites. This highlights the need for vector control efforts such as the use of personal repellents and insecticides for use on cattle, which must be made available in order to reduce this Anopheline’s abundance.

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Population Dynamics of Anopheles albimanus (Diptera: Culicidae) at Ipetí-Guna, a Village in a Region Targeted for Malaria Elimination in Panamá

Cited by 17 publications

References 87 publications

Malaria Elimination in Costa Rica: Changes in Treatment and Mass Drug Administration

Malaria Elimination in Costa Rica: Changes in Treatment and Mass Drug Administration

Ookinete-Specific Genes and 18S SSU rRNA Evidenced in Plasmodium vivax Selection and Adaptation by Sympatric Vectors

Behavior and abundance of Anopheles darlingi in communities living in the Colombian Amazon riverside

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