Population dynamics and sex ratio of a parasitoid altered by fungal-infected diet of host butterfly

Nouhuys, Saskya van; Laine, Anna‐Liisa

doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.1588

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The gregarious C. melitaearum experience both interspecific and intraspecific competition; the outcome of one could affect the outcome of the other. We know that there was intraspecific competition among C. melitaearum brood mates because adult weight decreased with brood size, as is common in gregarious parasitoid species (Godfray 1987, Mayhew 1998), and has been shown in another study of C. melitaearum (van Nouhuys and Laine 2008). However, brood size was unrelated to the outcome of interspecific competition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Coexistence of competing parasitoids: which is the fugitive and where does it hide?

Nouhuys

Punju²

2010

Oikos

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Most insects harbour a community of parasitoids that coexist in spite of competition for resources. One potential mechanism for coexistence of competitors is a tradeoff between dispersiveness and local competitive ability. Here we present a study of competition between the specialized parasitoids Hyposoter horticola and Cotesia melitaearum sharing the Glanville fritillary butterfly, Melitaea cinxia. Within one host generation, the parasitoid larvae interact inside the host during each of the three C. melitaearum generations. We founds that in the summer when the host is small, the solitary H. horticola is the superior competitor, suppressing the gregarious C. melitaearum as eggs or small larvae. When multiparasitism occurs in the autumn the two parasitoid species engage in physical combat and C. melitaearum is favoured. Finally, a previous study showed that in the third C. melitaearum generation the univoltine H. horticola grows quickly during its final instar, excluding young C. melitaearum simply through limited time and resources. We found that contrary to expectations of the evolution of gregariousness, C. melitaearum, which lives in sibling groups, has biting mandibles in the first instar while the solitary H. horticola has suctorial mouthparts. Previous studies suggest that the two parasitoids co‐exist because H. Horticola is dispersive and C. melitaearum is a strong local competitor. However, putting together the results of this experiment and out recent understanding of the adult wasp foraging behaviours and large scale population dynamics, we conclude that H. horticola is both a superior local competitor and more dispersive than C. melitaearum. Cotesia melitaearum has no impact on the population dynamics of H. horticola, persisting as a fugitive using a small fraction the larvae left unparasitized by H. horticola.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Coexistence of competing parasitoids: which is the fugitive and where does it hide?

Nouhuys

Punju²

2010

Oikos

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“…among leaves within a single tree) and across the landscape. An effect of powdery mildew fungus on spatial dynamics has also been demonstrated in the Glanville fritillary butterfly ( Melitaea cinxia ) system, where mildew infection was shown to affect the local extinction risk of the herbivore (Laine 2004) and the colonisation rate of its parasitoid (van Nouhuys & Laine 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Cross‐kingdom interactions matter: fungal‐mediated interactions structure an insect community on oak

2012

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Although phytophagous insects and plant pathogens frequently share the same host plant, interactions among such phylogenetically distant taxa have received limited attention. Here, we place pathogens and insects in the context of a multitrophic-level community. Focusing on the invasive powdery mildew Erysiphe alphitoides and the insect community on oak (Quercus robur), we demonstrate that mildew-insect interactions may be mediated by both the host plant and by natural enemies, and that the trait-specific outcome of individual interactions can range from negative to positive. Moreover, mildew affects resource selection by insects, thereby modifying the distribution of a specialist herbivore at two spatial scales (within and among trees). Finally, a long-term survey suggests that species-specific responses to mildew scale up to generate landscape-level variation in the insect community structure. Overall, our results show that frequently overlooked cross-kingdom interactions may play a major role in structuring terrestrial plant-based communities.

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“…1991; Godfray 1994; Harvey 2005; Ode 2006; van Nouhuys & Laine 2008). For example, variation in host quality, mediated through the herbivore's food plant, has even been shown to affect the population dynamics of parasitoids up to the landscape scale, through adjustment of offspring sex ratio by the female parasitoid (van Nouhuys & Laine 2008). Longer developmental times often observed in both herbivores and their parasitoids reared on well‐defended plants (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear effects of plant root and shoot jasmonic acid application on the performance of Pieris brassicae and its parasitoid Cotesia glomerata

et al. 2009

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Summary 1.Plant species employ several direct and indirect defence strategies to protect themselves against insect herbivores. Most studies, however, have focused on shoot-induced responses. Much less is known about interactions between below-and above-ground herbivores and how these may affect their respective parasitoids. 2. Here, we quantify the impact of below-ground induced responses vs. that of above-ground induced responses in a feral Brassica on the performance of Pieris brassicae and its endoparasitoid Cotesia glomerata . Jasmonic acid (JA) was applied to induce the plants above-or below-ground. The glucosinolate, sugar and amino acid levels of the leaves were analysed. 3. Pieris brassicae larvae grew significantly slower on shoot JA-induced (SJA) plants than on root JA-induced (RJA) and control plants, which were treated with acidic water. On RJA and control plants they showed similar developmental trajectories. Pupal masses, survival till eclosion and egg load, however, were similar on all plants. 4. The development of C. glomerata larvae on SJA plants was significantly longer than that on RJA and control plants. In contrast, the parasitoid's pupal stage lasted longer in hosts feeding on control plants. The total developmental times eventually were similar in all groups. However, the masses of male and female C. glomerata adults that developed hosts on control and RJA plants were significantly larger than those from hosts on SJA plants. JA application increased total glucosinolate contents and decreased the sugars and total amino acids levels independent of whether JA was applied. However, the trajectories of herbivore-induced glucosinolate levels differed between RJA and SJA plants. 5. These results show that the differential effects of above-and below-ground-induced responses on herbivores also affect higher trophic levels in a nonlinear fashion via differential changes in host plant quality. In particular, the indirect effects that below-ground herbivores have on the performance of above-ground parasitoids may exceed the direct effects of plant chemistry on herbivore performance. Consequently, above-ground and below-ground interactions mediated by induced plant responses have the potential to mediate insect community structure and function in complex ways.

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Population dynamics and sex ratio of a parasitoid altered by fungal-infected diet of host butterfly

Cited by 24 publications

References 53 publications

Coexistence of competing parasitoids: which is the fugitive and where does it hide?

Coexistence of competing parasitoids: which is the fugitive and where does it hide?

Cross‐kingdom interactions matter: fungal‐mediated interactions structure an insect community on oak

Nonlinear effects of plant root and shoot jasmonic acid application on the performance of Pieris brassicae and its parasitoid Cotesia glomerata

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