Population dynamics and projections of fruit flies Bactrocera dorsalis and B. carambolae in Indonesian mango plantation

Abstract

Importance of the work:The availability of information about fruit fly population dynamics, determinant factors and predictions for the future are pivotal for establishing control measures and are important study topics. Objectives:The objectives of this study were: to analyze the population dynamics of Bactrocera dorsalis and B. carambolae fruit flies; to evaluate the effect of abiotic factors on population abundance; and to estimate the projection of population dynamics using a mathematical model. Materials & Methods: Fruit flies were collected using modified Steiner traps filled with methyl eugenol. The traps were suspended on tree branches 2 m above the ground, with 20 replications. Fruit flies were collected weekly, with the samples transferred to the laboratory for further identification. Results: In total, 1,011,820 individual fruit flies were collected, consisting of B. dorsalis (964,204 individuals or 71.74 individuals per trap) and B. carambolae (47,616 individuals or 3.54 individuals per trap. Sunshine duration had a significant, negative correlation with the abundance of B. dorsalis (r = -0.206; p = 0.004) and B. carambolae (r = -0.217; p = 0.002). The wind speed had a significant, negative correlation with the abundance of B. dorsalis (r = -0.211; p = 0.003) and B. carambolae (r = -0.162; p = 0.018); while wind direction had a significant, positive correlation with the abundance of B. dorsalis (r = 0.155; p = 0.023). Humidity had a significant, positive correlation with the abundance of B. dorsalis (r = -0.129; p = 0.048). The effects of temperature and rainfall were not significant on both species. Based on the ARIMA (1,0,3) model, the three-year projection indicated a fairly high population potential in 2021, even in months when the fruit fly population is usually low (March-July). Projections in 2022 and 2023 indicated an increasing trend in the population from August to December. Main finding: With high population levels, B. dorsalis is a main pest of mangoes. Populations of both fruit fly species started to increase from October to December and then decreased from February to June. Population management efforts need to consider population determinants, especially wind direction.

Utilization of methyl eugenol bait traps on fruit flies (Bactrocera spp) (Diptera: Tephritidae) caught at dusung of fruits in Ambon Island

“…The least number of fruit flies caught from Soya village might be due to the condition of the dusung of fruits, which are more closed due to the higher density of plant vegetation so that little sunlight penetrates the plant canopy. This condition can reduce the mobility of fruit flies in the field in finding food and laying eggs and inhibit the formation of pupae so that the population of fruit flies found in the field is reduced [13].…”

Population Dynamic of Fruit Fly Pests Bactrocera spp. in Salacca Orchard in Relation to Host Plants and Climate Factors

“…Especially plants that can be the main and alternative hosts of fruit flies (Mwatawala et al, 2006;Kamala Jayanthi & Verghese, 2011). Population dynamics of fruit fly pests can be influenced by several factors, including main and alternate host plants in an agroecosystem, agroclimatic conditions and natural enemies (Aluja & Rull, 2009;Ahmad, 2020;Bana et al, 2017;Susanto et al, 2022;Yin et al, 2018).…”