Population dynamic of the swallowtail butterfly, Papilio polytes (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in dry and wet seasons

Population dynamics of Zeuzera spp. (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) on Eucalyptus pellita plantation in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

“…in the future. Parasitoids and predators can influence a Lepidoptera group's population abundance (Suwarno 2009). Climate change factors that are quite pronounced in the study site area with high temperatures (± 32°C) changed significantly.…”

Studies on biology and reproduction of butterflies (family: papilionidae) in Nilgiri Hills, Southern Western Ghats, India

“…Eggs were mostly oviposited on the underside of host plant leaves, to protect from exposure to high rainfall and also as a precautionary measure from predators (Suwarno, 2010). Organisms that prey on eggs are spiders (Oxyopes spp.…”

Oophagy in spiders: consumption of invertebrate and vertebrate eggs

“…There are few records of attacks on single eggs. Such rare attacks on singly deposited eggs had been reported for monarch butterflies, swallowtail butterflies, and lacewings (Suwarno 2010;Hermann et al 2019;Mez} ofi et al 2020). When attacking egg masses, the spiders usually consumed several eggs in a row (Ron Atkinson, pers.…”

“…comm. ;Suwarno 2010;Ahmed et al 2018;Marangelo 2019;Cukier 2020;and others). It appears that mostly unguarded egg masses were attacked by spiders (e.g., Pasquet et al 1997;Buzatto et al 2007;Jackson et al 2008;Guayasamin et al 2019).…”