Population Differences in Cellularity of the Mastoid Process

Schulter-Ellis, F. P.

doi:10.3109/00016487909126452

Cited by 39 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…This genetically determined ET characteristic may account for the prevalence of OM in American Indians, although large ETs are not unique to this group (Todd, 1983;Todd and Bowman, 1985). On the other hand, pneumatization was greatest in the mastoid processes of Eskimos, lower in those of American Indian and white populations, and lowest in those of blacks (Schulter-Ellis, 1979). These findings challenge the hypothesis that OM infection is related to nonpneumatized (acellular) mastoid processes, since the disease is most prevalent in American Indians and Eskimos and infrequent in blacks.…”

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confidence: 53%

“…Panos and Heimlich (1980) suggested homeopathic remedies including Hepar sulphuris, Magnesia phosphorica, Belladonna, Chamomilla, Dulcamara and other herbals for treatment of earaches. Herbal antibiotics (garlic, goldenseal, myrrh), antiphlegmatics (cayenne, chamomile, slippery elm, garlic), and otic solutions such as "B and B" (an alcohol-based tincture from skullcap, lobelia, blue cohosh, black cohosh, and blue vervaine), oil of garlic, and oil of mullein have been suggested as being effective homeopathic remedies for OM (Hutchins, 1979;Heinerman, 1984) but no well-controlled studies of their effectiveness have been published.Findings in paleopathology to date have also presented conflicting evidence on cranial variability and the prevalence of OM (Gregg et al, 1965;Schulter-Ellis, 1979;Titche et al, 1981; Gregg and Steele, 1982). Continuing studies in this area may prove useful.…”

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Otitis media: A problem for the physical anthropologist

Daniel

Schmidt

Fulghum

et al. 1988

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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Otitis media, common in children, can result in middle ear structure alteration and hearing loss, and, hence, in language development deficiency. Physical anthropologists are qualified to do innovative research into the causes of this costly disease, which have not yet been delineated. The prevalence of otitis media appears related to age, sex, ethnicity, and environment. Investigation is warranted in areas such as the measurement of variability in eustachian tube, middle ear cleft, and mastoid process anatomy and physiology; the epidemiology and genetic mechanism of otitis media; and the microbiology and immunology as well as pathological studies of cranial variation as it relates to otitis media.Otitis media (OM), one of the most common diseases of childhood, is the problem most frequently seen by pediatricians in the US. Nearly 10% of all pediatric patients are those with OM, and if pediatricians dealt with children during their first year of life only, the estimate would be as high as 50% (Van Cauwenberge, 1985). Acute OM, the presence of fluid in the middle ear, may be accompanied by signs and symptoms including pain, hearing loss, irritability, fever, and malaise. The infection duration can vary from days to months and may result in alteration of middle ear structures, hearing loss, language development deficiency, and increased susceptibility to recurrence. Without the use of antibiotics, the sequelae of chronic OM often include labyrinthitis, meningitis, mastoiditis, tympanic membrane rupture, and cholesteatoma. The younger the age at which OM first occurs, the greater the risk of recurrences (Paradise, 1980). The condition may persist for weeks or months, even after the clinical signs of acute otitis media have already resolved (Shurin et al., 1979).Hearing loss, following from the presence of fluid and/or negative pressure in the middle ear, is a serious complication of OM, and many infected children spend prolonged periods during their first years of life with impaired or fluctuating conductive hearing losses. Chronic OM may also cause a sensorineural hearing lossoften irreversible (Bess, 1983). Katz (1978) even suggested (but never demonstrated) that the central deprivation caused by the peripheral conductive and/or sensorineural loss produces a form of auditory deprivation that can lead to anatomical and physiological changes in the brainstem and higher cortical areas.Of special concern are children who have OM from birth (Pestalozza, 1984) to age 3 years, a particularly common time of occurrence, as this period is critical for language acquisition (Lenneberg, 1967). Children with histories of OM during the first 3 years of life frequently have disturbances in auditory processing, an inconsistent auditory signal making the stream of speech difficult to segment. This difficulty creates confusion in the child's attempts to abstract word meanings and grammatical regularities (Berko-Gleason, 1983). Furthermore, the child's irritability, malaise, 0 1988 Alan R. Liss, Inc. [Vol. 31, 1988 and dec...

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confidence: 53%

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confidence: 99%

Otitis media: A problem for the physical anthropologist

Daniel

Schmidt

Fulghum

et al. 1988

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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“…In explaining the relation between chronic middle ear inflammation and sup pression of the mastoid air cell system, the genetic or normal-variant theory [4][5][6] and the environmental theory [7][8][9][10] are mu tually contradictory. Results from our exper imental study using newborn pigs support the environmental theory that chronic mid dle ear inflammation in the early stages of life induces inhibition of pneumatization [1].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation between the Onset of Chronic Middle Ear Inflammation and the Development of the Middle Ear Air Cell System

Ikarashi

Nakano²

1988

ORL

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The relation between the onset of chronic middle ear inflmmation and the degree of pneumatization was investigated in porcine tympanic bullae, which closely resemble the human mastoid air cell system. Pneumatization was inhibited in all inflamed ears, and the later the induction of otitis media, the lesser the degree of inhibition of pneumatization. It was concluded that chronic middle ear inflammation inhibits the development of the middle ear air cell system, and the time of onset plays an important role in the degree of pneumatization.

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“…Many studies have been reported the correlation between middle ear disease and mastoid air cell system. It is questionable whether hypocellularity result from previous middle ear disease (environmental pneumatization theory) [2][3][4] or the size of the cell system genetically determined [5][6][7]. Present study is undertaken to critically look at the association of mastoid pneumatization with COM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Pneumatization Pattern in Squamousal Type of Chronic Otitis Media

Roy¹,

Deshmukh²,

Patil³

2015

Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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To study the pneumatization pattern of mastoid bone in cases of squamousal type of chronic otits media and analyze pneumatization pattern of opposite normal ear in cases of unilateral chronic otitis media (COM). A total of 94 patients (104 ears) between the age group of 7-84 years attending the E.N.T outpatients, inpatients and casualty of Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Sawangi (Maghe), Wardha, after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria were found suitable and hence selected for the present study and were subjected to bilateral X-ray mastoid (Schuller's view). HRCT temporal bone done in selected 55 patients. On analyzing patients radiologically (X-ray mastoid), it was found that out 104 ears, mastoid was pneumatized in 2 (1.92 %) diploic in 20 (19.23 %) and sclerotic in 82 (78.85 %) ears. Contralateral mastoid of 70 normal ears, mastoid was pneumatized in 30 (42.86 %) diploic in 22 (31.43 %) and sclerotic in 18 (25.71 %) ears. Most of the diseased ear demonstrated non pneumatized mastoid (98.08 %) whereas contra lateral mastoid of 70 normal ear, showed significantly more pneumatization This difference is statistically significant (P value < 0.0001). Significantly more sclerosis and non pneumatization in the ear with COM of squamousal type than the healthy contralateral ear supports the environmental theory.

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Population Differences in Cellularity of the Mastoid Process

Cited by 39 publications

References 13 publications

Otitis media: A problem for the physical anthropologist

Otitis media: A problem for the physical anthropologist

Relation between the Onset of Chronic Middle Ear Inflammation and the Development of the Middle Ear Air Cell System

Pneumatization Pattern in Squamousal Type of Chronic Otitis Media

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