Population density and ecology of dogs in Nigeria : a pilot study

Oboegbulem, S. I.; Ie, Nwakonobi

doi:10.20506/rst.8.3.426

Cited by 36 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Second, given that most dogs are owned (WHO & WSPA ; Cleaveland & Dye ; Butler & Bingham ; Windiyaningsih et al . ), dog and human population densities are expected to correlate (Oboegbulem & Nwakonobi ; Matter et al . ; Butler & Bingham ).…”

Section: Evidence For Density‐dependent Transmission Of Rabiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence‐based control of canine rabies: a critical review of population density reduction

Morters

Restif

Hampson

et al. 2012

Journal of Animal Ecology

176

160

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Control measures for canine rabies include vaccination and reducing population density through culling or sterilization.Despite the evidence that culling fails to control canine rabies, efforts to reduce canine population density continue in many parts of the world.The rationale for reducing population density is that rabies transmission is density-dependent, with disease incidence increasing directly with host density. This may be based, in part, on an incomplete interpretation of historical field data for wildlife, with important implications for disease control in dog populations. Here, we examine historical and more recent field data, in the context of host ecology and epidemic theory, to understand better the role of density in rabies transmission and the reasons why culling fails to control rabies.We conclude that the relationship between host density, disease incidence and other factors is complex and may differ between species. This highlights the difficulties of interpreting field data and the constraints of extrapolations between species, particularly in terms of control policies.We also propose that the complex interactions between dogs and people may render culling of free-roaming dogs ineffective irrespective of the relationship between host density and disease incidence.We conclude that vaccination is the most effective means to control rabies in all species.

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Section: Evidence For Density‐dependent Transmission Of Rabiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence‐based control of canine rabies: a critical review of population density reduction

Morters

Restif

Hampson

et al. 2012

Journal of Animal Ecology

176

160

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“…This is in contrast to the low density of dogs in other urban cities in Nigeria, where dog to human ratio is 1 : 43 in Makurdi, Benue state [16], 1 : 21 in Lagos, Lagos state, and 1 : 1000 in the moslem dominated part of Kaduna North, Kaduna state [7]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The dog : human ratio most commonly lies between 1 : 6 and 1 : 10, but considerable variation exists [7]. Urban areas in Africa have a ratio of 1 : 21.2, while rural areas in Africa have a ratio of 1 : 7.4 [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic and Ecological Survey of Dog Population in Aba, Abia State, Nigeria

Otolorin

Umoh

Dzikwi

2014

ISRN Veterinary Science

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Dog ecology is essential in understanding the distribution, structure, and population density of dogs and pattern of dog ownership in any given area. A cross-sectional study was designed to study dog ecology in Aba, Abia state, Nigeria, from April to June 2013. The study revealed that the 500 households surveyed possessed 5,823 individuals and 747 dogs, giving a dog to human ratio of 1 : 7.8; hence dog population in Aba was estimated to be 68,121. About 495/747 (66.3%) of the dogs were exotic and 465/747 (62.2%) were males. A total of 319/500 (63.8%) of the households had fences that restrained dog movement and there was no incidence of dog bite in 447/500 (89.4%) of the households surveyed. There were statistical associations between vaccination against antirabies and breeds of dogs (χ 2 = 79.8, df = 2, P < 0.005). Exotic breed (adjusted OR = 0.39; CI = 0.23–0.65) and local breed of dogs (adjusted OR = 0.08; CI = 0.04–0.14) had less odds of being vaccinated as compared to crossbreed of dogs. About 126 dogs (2.5 dogs per street) were estimated from street counts survey. The relative high dog to human ratio and low vaccination coverage of owned dogs population pose public health concerns requiring adequate public health education and proper antirabies vaccination coverage of dogs in the study area.

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“…These findings with other sociodemographic variables may be due to the belief that male dogs make better guards and hunters and also female dogs attract a lot of male dogs to the house during their mating periods. [14,15] Furthermore, majority of the dog owners in our study are literate. The high literacy level of the dog owners agrees with finding that those who are gainfully employed either as civil servants or as traders tend to own dogs more than those who are not employed and not educated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Assessment of knowledge and practice of vaccination of dogs against rabies by dog owners in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

Audu

Moses

Kisani

et al. 2020

ANMRP

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Objective: Rabies, one of the oldest and fatal infectious diseases known to human race, is transmitted by infected dogs. The global target of zero dog-mediated rabies human deaths has been set for 2030; however, the realization of this goal poses challenges in most low-income countries where rabies is endemic due to weak surveillance. Dogs have been increasingly deployed for domestic uses over the years, especially for security purposes. This study assessed the assessment of knowledge and practice of vaccination of dogs against rabies by dog owners. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study was employed to study 400 dog owners in Makurdi metropolis through multistage sampling techniques. Sighting of valid dog vaccination card was used as criteria for current vaccination. Bivariate analysis was carried out to establish the relationship between the respondent knowledge of rabies and dog vaccination with significant value set at P < 0.05. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 31 (Â ± 0.8) years, majority of them had tertiary and secondary education (40.0% and 39.0%, respectively), 26.0% were traders, and 50.0% were married. Overall, 73.0% of the respondents had good knowledge score, 61.0% had seen at least a rabid dog in their life time, and 74.0% have a history of dog vaccination, but evidence of up to date vaccination of dogs by owners was seen in only 18.0% of all the vaccination cards sighted. The relationship between the educational status of the respondents, their knowledge score, and their dog vaccination was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Knowledge of rabies among dog owners in Makurdi was good, but the practice of dog vaccination was poor. Educational status was a good predictor of practice. Awareness campaign on dog vaccination should be strengthened and adequate measures should be put in place at the veterinary hospitals in Makurdi for vaccination of dogs.

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Population density and ecology of dogs in Nigeria : a pilot study

Cited by 36 publications

References 8 publications

Evidence‐based control of canine rabies: a critical review of population density reduction

Evidence‐based control of canine rabies: a critical review of population density reduction

Demographic and Ecological Survey of Dog Population in Aba, Abia State, Nigeria

Assessment of knowledge and practice of vaccination of dogs against rabies by dog owners in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

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