Population Coding of the Direction, Amplitude, and Velocity of Saccadic Eye Movements by Neurons in the Superior Colliculus

Sparks, David L.; Lee, C.; Rohrer, William H.

doi:10.1101/sqb.1990.055.01.075

Cited by 121 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The inhibitory control signals from the FEF to the SC could play an important role in saccade programming. Since saccades are based on the mean vector of activity (e.g., Sparks et al, 1990) inhibition of irrelevant locations could prevent the execution of inaccurate saccades.…”

Section: Exogenous and Endogenous Saccade Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This distractor inhibition supposedly results in a sub-baseline level of activation at the distractor location. Since the displacement of the eyes is based on the mean vector of activity (e.g., Sparks et al, 1990) this inhibition should affect the saccade trajectory to the target; that is, the eyes should slightly curve away from the distractor location (e.g,. Tipper et al, 2001;Doyle & Walker, 2001; also see Sheliga et al, 1994;.…”

Section: Oculomotor Capture and Inhibition Of Returnmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oculomotor capture and Inhibition of Return: Evidence for an oculomotor suppression account of IOR

Godijn

Theeuwes

2002

Psychological Research

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Section: Exogenous and Endogenous Saccade Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Oculomotor Capture and Inhibition Of Returnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oculomotor capture and Inhibition of Return: Evidence for an oculomotor suppression account of IOR

Godijn

Theeuwes

2002

Psychological Research

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“…In some systems experimental results indicate that individual sensory inputs diverge to influence many upstream neurons so that the resulting network output results from the pooled activity of a population of these generally not well characterized neurons (Sparks, 1988;Georgopoulos, 1995;Kristan and Shaw, 1997;Lewis, 1999;Pouget et al, 2000;Gold and Shadlen, 2001). This hypothesis, often labeled "population coding," has been suggested to underlie those behaviors that involve a directional response to sensory stimuli (Lewis, 1999), as well as behaviors that are categorically distinct .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This coding scheme has received the most attention in studies involving a directed response (Georgopoulos et al, 1986;Sparks, 1988;Georgopoulos, 1995;Lewis and Kristan, 1998a,b;Lewis, 1999), but it can be extended to include categorically distinct behaviors . A recent hypothesis proposes that different motor behaviors result from different combinations of activity patterns in overlapping but distinct combinations of multifunctional neuronal inputs to motor circuits Shaw and Kristan, 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanosensory Activation of a Motor Circuit by Coactivation of Two Projection Neurons

Beenhakker¹,

Nusbaum²

2004

J. Neurosci.

102

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Individual neuronal circuits can generate multiple activity patterns because of the influence of different projection neurons. However, in most systems it has been difficult to identify and assess the relative contribution of all upstream neurons responsible for the activation of any single activity pattern by a behaviorally relevant stimulus. To elucidate this issue, we used the stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) of the crab. The STNS includes the gastric mill (chewing) motor circuit in the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) and no more than 20 projection neurons that innervate the STG. We previously identified at least some (four) of the projection neurons that are activated directly by the ventral cardiac neuron (VCN) system, a population of mechanosensory neurons that activates the gastric mill circuit. Here we show that two of these projection neurons, the previously identified modulatory commissural neuron 1 (MCN1) and commissural projection neuron 2 (CPN2), are necessary and likely sufficient for the initiation/maintenance of the VCN-elicited gastric mill rhythm. Selective inactivation of either MCN1 or CPN2 still enabled a VCN-elicited gastric mill rhythm. However, because MCN1 and CPN2 have different actions on gastric mill neurons, these manipulations resulted in rhythms distinct from each other and from that occurring in the intact system. After removal of both MCN1 and CPN2, VCN stimulation failed to activate the gastric mill rhythm. Selective conjoint stimulation of MCN1 and CPN2, approximating their VCN-elicited activity patterns and firing frequencies, elicited a VCN-like gastric mill rhythm. Thus the VCN mechanosensory system elicits the gastric mill rhythm via its activation of a subset of the relevant projection neurons.

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“…A number of studies have shown that when a saccade is executed to a target and a distractor stimulus is successfully ignored, the trajectory of the saccade to the target is curved away from the distractor (e.g., Doyle & Walker, 2001;Sheliga, Riggio, & Rizzolatti, 1994;Sheliga, Riggio, & Rizzolatti, 1995;Tipper et al, 2000Tipper et al, , 2001. According to Tipper et al (e.g., 2000Tipper et al (e.g., , 2001, the initial direction of the saccade is based on the mean vector of activity in the saccade map (e.g., Sparks, Lee, & Rohrer, 1990) and the location-specific inhibition of the distractor location causes a sub-baseline level of activation at this location. This results in a mean vector of activity which is shifted away from the distractor location, and therefore, the saccade trajectory is curved away from the distractor.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Programming of endogenous and exogenous saccades: Evidence for a competitive integration model.

Godijn¹,

Theeuwes²

2002

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

318

436

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Participants were required to make a saccade to a uniquely colored target while ignoring the presentation of an onset distractor. The results provide evidence for a competitive integration model of saccade programming that assumes endogenous and exogenous saccades are programmed in a common saccade map. The model incorporates a lateral interaction structure in which saccade-related activation at a specific location spreads to neighboring locations but inhibits distant locations. In addition, there is top-down, location-specific inhibition of locations to which the saccade should not go. The time course of exogenous and endogenous activation in the saccade map can explain a variety of eye movement data, including endpoints, latencies, and trajectories of saccades and the well-known global effect.

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Population Coding of the Direction, Amplitude, and Velocity of Saccadic Eye Movements by Neurons in the Superior Colliculus

Cited by 121 publications

References 20 publications

Oculomotor capture and Inhibition of Return: Evidence for an oculomotor suppression account of IOR

Oculomotor capture and Inhibition of Return: Evidence for an oculomotor suppression account of IOR

Mechanosensory Activation of a Motor Circuit by Coactivation of Two Projection Neurons

Programming of endogenous and exogenous saccades: Evidence for a competitive integration model.

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