2003
DOI: 10.2989/18142320309504043
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Population, Breeding, Diet and Conservation of the Crozet ShagPhalacrocorax [atriceps] Melanogenisat Marion Island, 1994/95–2002/03

Abstract: The number of Crozet shags or cormorants Phalacrocorax [atriceps] melanogenis breeding at subantarctic Marion Island decreased by 68% from 841 pairs in 1994/95 to 272 pairs in 2002/03. The mean number of pairs at colonies also decreased and was significantly related to the overall number of birds breeding in any given season. The decreases coincided with a period of warming and reduced precipitation at Marion Island and with a decrease in the number of gentoo penguins Pygoscelis papua breeding there. Both thes… Show more

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Cited by 17 publications
(45 citation statements)
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“…Macaroni Penguins are less constrained by a need for sheltered landing sites, breeding in more than 50 colonies at Marion Island and seven at Prince Edward Island, but some 80% breed at two sites on the east coast of Marion Island, at Bullard and Kildalkey (Crawford et al 2003c;Ryan et al 2003a), where they have removed some 3 x 10 5 m 3 of peat (Hall & Williams 1981). By comparison, more agile Rockhopper Penguins occur around the coasts of both islands, breeding along all but the most sheer of cliffs (Crawford et al 2003b;Ryan et al 2003a). They also penetrate further inland, at least locally, but do not venture as far from the coast as the small numbers of Gentoo Penguins breeding at both islands (Adams & Wilson 1987;Crawford et al 2003d;Ryan et al 2003a).…”
Section: Penguinsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Macaroni Penguins are less constrained by a need for sheltered landing sites, breeding in more than 50 colonies at Marion Island and seven at Prince Edward Island, but some 80% breed at two sites on the east coast of Marion Island, at Bullard and Kildalkey (Crawford et al 2003c;Ryan et al 2003a), where they have removed some 3 x 10 5 m 3 of peat (Hall & Williams 1981). By comparison, more agile Rockhopper Penguins occur around the coasts of both islands, breeding along all but the most sheer of cliffs (Crawford et al 2003b;Ryan et al 2003a). They also penetrate further inland, at least locally, but do not venture as far from the coast as the small numbers of Gentoo Penguins breeding at both islands (Adams & Wilson 1987;Crawford et al 2003d;Ryan et al 2003a).…”
Section: Penguinsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The islands support some 13% of King Penguins worldwide, 4% of Macaroni Penguins and only 0.5% of Gentoo Penguins (Woehler 1993;Williams 1995;Crawford & Cooper 2003). The population of Southern Rockhopper Penguins is about 5% of the world population (and 17% of the eastern race filholi), but this is affected by the rapid decreases observed at many colonies, including Marion Island (Crawford et al 2003b;BirdLife International 2004a). Penguins dominate the avian biomass at the islands, comprising some 97% of the biomass of breeding adults at Marion Island (9 200 tons) and 60% of the biomass at Prince Edward Island (750 tons).…”
Section: Penguinsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The increase in sea-surface temperature may be related to a southerly shift in the mean position of the Sub-Antarctic Front, with the resultant advection of zooplankton and micronekton to the islands benefiting pelagic predators, but creating unfavourable feeding conditions for inshore feeders (Pakhomov & Chown 2003). Decreased food availability as a result of climate change has been implicated in the decline of three inshore-foraging species at the Prince Edward Islands: the Gentoo Penguin, Rockhopper Penguin E. chrysocome and Crozet Shag (Crawford et al 2003a(Crawford et al , 2003b(Crawford et al , 2004. Climatic perturbations on a global scale may also influence breeding by seabirds, as evidenced by a marked difference in the breeding success of inshore and offshore foragers in 1997/1998, a season coinciding with a major El Niño Southern Oscillation event (Crawford et al 2003c(Crawford et al , 2004.…”
Section: Factors Affecting Marine Resourcesmentioning
confidence: 99%