Population Biology, Evolution, and Immunology of Vaccination and Vaccination Programs

Halloran, M. Elizabeth; Anderson, Roy M.; Azevedo-Neto, R. S.; Bellini, William J.; Branch, OraLee H.; Burke, Michael A.; Compans, Richard W.; Day, Karen P.; Gooding, Linda R.; Gupta, Sunetra; Katz, James D.; Kew, Olen M.; Keyserling, Harry L.; Krause, Richard M.; Lal, Abhishek; Massad, Eduardo; McLean, Angela R.; Rosa, Patricia de la; Rota, Paul A.; Wiener, Pam; Wynn, Susan G.; Zanetta, Dirce Maria Trevisan

doi:10.1016/s0002-9629(15)40281-2

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Simple regression analysis without controlling for exposure environment will provide an estimate of direct vaccine efficacy, whereas our mathematical modeling resulted in an unbiased estimated of overall population vaccine efficacy (Halloran et al, 1997). The estimate of direct vaccine efficacy in comingled populations is expected to be biased toward no effect (Halloran et al, 1998(Halloran et al, , 2008. Therefore, as expected, the estimates of population vaccine efficacy were larger than the direct effect estimates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…aureus and CNS (Figure 4a and b). The observed reduction in duration will benefit the affected cows but will also reduce the overall herd exposure experience of the other cows in the herd, resulting in an important contribution to indirect vaccine efficacy (Halloran et al, 1997(Halloran et al, , 1998.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…aureus have shown an effect of vaccination on the amount of bacterial shedding after challenge (Pérez et al, 2009); however, such experimental studies were not able to demonstrate a reduction in infection transmission. Several study designs to estimate vaccine efficacy of contagious infections have been proposed (Haber et al, 1991;Halloran et al, 1991Halloran et al, , 1997Halloran et al, , 1998. Randomization can take place at either the herd or at the individual animal level.…”

Section: Efficacy Of Vaccination On Staphylococcus Aureus and Coagulamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of vaccination on Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci intramammary infection dynamics in 2 dairy herds

Schukken

Bronzo

Locatelli

et al. 2014

Journal of Dairy Science

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The aim of this study was to evaluate vaccine efficacy of a commercial vaccine (Startvac, Hipra Spain) aimed at reducing intramammary infections (IMI) with Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci under field conditions. During the 21-mo duration of the study, 1,156 lactations from 809 cows were enrolled in 2 herds. During the first phase of the trial, all cows that were due to calve were vaccinated until approximately 50% of cows in the milking herd were vaccinated (at ~6mo). At that point, when 50% vaccination coverage was reached, cows that were due to calve were randomly assigned to be vaccinated or left as negative controls. Cure rate, rate of new infection, prevalence, and duration of infections were analyzed. Vaccination resulted in a moderate reduction in incidence of new staphylococcal IMI and a more pronounced reduction in duration of IMI associated with reduction of the basic reproduction ratio of Staph. aureus by approximately 45% and of coagulase-negative staphylococci by approximately 35%. The utilization of vaccine in combination with other infection-control procedures, such as excellent milking procedures, treatment, segregation, and culling of known infected cattle, will result in an important reduction in incidence and duration of intramammary staphylococcal infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Efficacy Of Vaccination On Staphylococcus Aureus and Coagulamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Efficacy of vaccination on Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci intramammary infection dynamics in 2 dairy herds

Schukken

Bronzo

Locatelli

et al. 2014

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Mathematical models provide a useful framework within which to explore general principles regarding transmission of infectious agents and the likely impact of immunization [18]. We developed a model to better understand interacting factors contributing to the rise in serious Hib infections observed in the United Kingdom.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the impact of Hib conjugate vaccine on transmission, immunity and disease in the United Kingdom

2007

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A rise in invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infections occurred 8 years after vaccine introduction in the United Kingdom. Aspects of Hib vaccine delivery unique to the United Kingdom have been implicated. The authors developed a fully age-structured deterministic susceptible-infected-resistant-susceptible mathematical model, expressed as a set of partial differential equations, to better understand the causes of declining vaccine effectiveness. We also investigated the consequences of the vaccine's impact on reducing Hib transmission for maintenance of immunity. Our findings emphasized the importance of maintaining high post-immunization antibody titres among age groups at greatest risk of invasive infections. In keeping with UK population-based estimates, low direct efficacy of immunological memory against disease was found, cautioning against over-reliance on evidence of priming alone as a correlate of population protection. The contribution of herd immunity to disease control was reinforced. Possible intervention strategies will be explored in subsequent work.

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“…Vaccination is an important component that could reduce the burden of FMD and block circulation of the virus. The disease is mainly controlled by vaccination and is used to reduce morbidity and mortality [23]. The level of neutralizing antibodies that correlate with protection are based on experimental challenge studies giving high levels of virus at a single time point through inoculation routes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

"Outbreak Study of Foot and Mouth Disease in Relation to Vaccination and Vaccine Efficacy Assessment in Central Ethiopia"

Urge

2021

BJSTR

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Foot and mouth disease is a viral infection affecting cloven-hoofed domestic and wild animals. An outbreak of Foot and Mouth disease in vaccinated crossbred cattle was investigated at Adea berga and Welmera districts in 2017. A total number of 90 (27.19%) crossbred cattle were affected with FMD in the farms. The principal signs observed in clinically affected cattle were ropy salivation (39.6%) followed by vesicle formation (26.4%) respectively. The incidence was higher in non-vaccinated young stock (50%) and in female cows (43%) and the mortality proportion during the outbreak was 2.41%. The overall fatality proportion in non-vaccinated crossbred animals and in vaccinated female cows was 0.43% and 0.94% respectively. In FMD endemic areas, post-infection immunity is ranged from 15-30% which indicated post-infection immunity is unlikely a component of population immunity. The past or recent infections can be detected by induced antibodies against FMDV structural proteins.

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Population Biology, Evolution, and Immunology of Vaccination and Vaccination Programs

Cited by 5 publications

References 49 publications

Efficacy of vaccination on Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci intramammary infection dynamics in 2 dairy herds

Efficacy of vaccination on Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci intramammary infection dynamics in 2 dairy herds

Understanding the impact of Hib conjugate vaccine on transmission, immunity and disease in the United Kingdom

"Outbreak Study of Foot and Mouth Disease in Relation to Vaccination and Vaccine Efficacy Assessment in Central Ethiopia"

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