Population-Based Estimates of Life Expectancy After HIV Diagnosis

Abstract

Introduction Using National HIV surveillance system data we estimated life expectancy and average years of life lost among person diagnosed with HIV infection during 2008–2011. Methods Population-based surveillance data, restricted to persons with diagnosed HIV infection age 13 years or older, from all 50 states and D.C. were used to estimate life expectancy after HIV diagnosis using the life table method. Generated estimates were compared with life expectancy in the general population in the same calendar year to calculate average years of life lost (AYLL). Life expectancy and average years of life lost were also estimated for subgroups by age, sex and race/ethnicity. Results The overall life expectancy after HIV diagnosis in the United States, increased 3.43 years from 25.43 (95% Confidence interval (CI) 25.37–25.49) in 2008, to 28.86 (95% CI 28.80–28.92) in 2011. Improvements were observed irrespective of sex, race/ethnicity, transmission category and stage of disease at diagnosis, though the extent of improvement varied by different characteristics. Based on the life expectancy in the general population, in 2010 the AYLL, were 12.8 years for males and 16.5 years for females. By race/ethnicity, on average blacks (13.3 years) and whites (13.4 years) had fewer AYLL than Hispanic/Latinos (14.7). Conclusions Despite improvements in life expectancy among people diagnosed with an HIV infection during 2008–2011, disparities by sex and by race/ethnicity persist. Targeted efforts should continue to further reduce disparities and improve life expectancy after HIV diagnosis.

Increased non‐AIDS mortality among persons with AIDS‐defining events after antiretroviral therapy initiation

“…In the era of antiretroviral therapy (ART), there have been striking decreases in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)‐related mortality 1, 2, 3 and prolongation of life expectancy 4, 5, 6, 7 for people living with HIV infection (PLWH). With this, there has been a shift in distribution of causes of death toward non‐AIDS‐defining events (NADEs) 8, 9, 10, 11, 12.…”

Examining transdiagnostic vulnerabilities among HIV positive smokers seen at three inner city community based organizations

“…While life expectancy and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of persons living with HIV or AIDS (PLWHA) has significantly improved (Samji et al, 2013; Siddiqi, Hall, Hu, & Song, 2016), the prevalence of certain risk behaviors and co-morbid conditions exceeds the general population (Burkhalter, Springer, Chhabra, Ostroff, & Rapkin, 2005; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016; O’Cleirigh, Magidson, Skeer, Mayer, & Safren, 2015). Compared to the adult general population, PLWHA are more likely to smoke and less likely to quit smoking (Mdodo et al, 2015).…”

Subclinical myocyte injury, fibrosis and strain in relationship to coronary plaque in asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals

“…Despite advances in medical care for people living with HIV, which include advances in treatment, decreased rates of AIDS-related deaths (1), and increased life expectancy (2,3), elevated rates of non-AIDS complications such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) are increasingly prevalent in this population (4,5). Large epidemiological studies have shown that rates of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are 1.5 to 2 times higher in HIV patients compared to those without HIV even after controlling for traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and smoking (6,7).…”