“…Comorbid conditions and socioeconomic status were included as follows: atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease, heart failure, hypertension, lipid disorders, socioeconomic status, urbanization, and geographic region of residence. All comorbid conditions were diagnosed based on ICD-9 codes, which have been discussed in previous studies ( Hung et al, 2011 ; Shen et al, 2016 ; Lai et al, 2017a ; Liao et al, 2017a ; Lin et al, 2017a , b ).…”