Population‐based assessment of <i>Mycoplasma genitalium</i> in Vietnam – low prevalence among married women of reproductive age in a rural area

Olsen, Birgitta; Lan, PT; Lundborg, Cecilia Stålsby; Khang, T. H.; Unemo, Magnus

doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03117.x

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The prevalence of M. genitalium in our study sample was higher than the prevalence reported for the general population in Denmark (24), Japan (25), Russia (22), Vietnam (21) and Peru (13) and was higher than the prevalence reported for most studies involving STI clinic attendees (26) and the general adolescent population (6) in the United States. However, it was still lower than the prevalence reported for STI clinic attendees in Russia (27) and sex workers in Kenya (28), Ghana and Benin (29).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

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Mycoplasma genitaliumpresence, resistance and epidemiology in Greenland

Gesink

Mulvad

Montgomery-Andersen

et al. 2012

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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ObjectivesGreenland reports the highest rates of chlamydial infection and gonorrhea in the Arctic. Our objective was to determine the presence, and describe the basic epidemiology, of Mycoplasma genitalium for Greenland.Study designCross-sectional study.Methods314 residents from Nuuk and Sisimiut, between the ages of 15 and 65 years, participated in “Inuulluataarneq” (the Greenland Sexual Health Project) between July 2008 and November 2009. Participants provided self-collected samples for sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing and completed a sexual health survey. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to summarize the basic characteristics of STI cases overall and M. genitalium and Chlamydia trachomatis specifically. Clinically relevant characteristics in each full model were gender (male or female), age (in years), age at sexual debut (in years), number of sexual partners in the past 3 months (continuous) and history of forced sex and community.ResultsThe overall prevalence of STIs was 19.0%, specifically: 9.8% for M. genitalium and 9.4% for C. trachomatis; 100% of M. genitalium-positive cases carried macrolide resistance determinants. Being female [OR =3.2; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1–9.8] and younger age (OR=0.9; 95% CI: 0.9–1.0) were associated with M. genitalium positivity. Age was also associated with C. trachomatis (OR=0.9; 95% CI: 0.8–0.9) and STI positivity overall (OR=0.9; 95% CI: 0.9–0.9).ConclusionsWe observed a high prevalence of M. genitalium and macrolide resistance in this study. A better understanding of M. genitalium sequelae is needed to inform policy around testing, treatment, control and antibiotic use.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

“…Positive results were confirmed by repeating the assay after repeated DNA extraction of the original specimen. All assays had an internal control for detection of PCR-inhibition and suboptimal reaction conditions (21,22). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasma genitaliumpresence, resistance and epidemiology in Greenland

Gesink

Mulvad

Montgomery-Andersen

et al. 2012

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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“…We screened the titles and abstracts of 3,316 unique records published after 1991 and the full text of 833 studies (Figure S1 in online Appendix). A total of 63 records was included with participants who were; sampled at random from the general population [19][20][21][22][23][24] or using alternative community-based methods, [25][26][27][28][29] MSM and male-to-female transgendered, [30][31][32][33][34][35] FSW, [36][37][38][39][40] and pregnant women. [41][42][43][44] Of these, 37 studies included patients attending healthcare settings.…”

Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence ofMycoplasma genitaliumin different population groups: systematic review and meta-analysis

Baumann

Cina

Egli-Gany

et al. 2017

Preprint

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BackgroundMycoplasma genitalium is a common cause of non-gonococcal non-chlamydial urethritis and cervicitis. Testing of asymptomatic populations has been proposed, but prevalence rates in asymptomatic populations are not well established. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of M. genitalium in adults in the general population, in clinic-based samples, pregnant women, men who have sex with men (MSM) and female sex workers (FSW). without language restrictions. We included studies with 500 participants or more. We screened and selected studies and extracted data in duplicate. We examined eligible studies in forest plots and conducted random effects meta-analysis to estimate prevalence, if appropriate. Between study heterogeneity was examined using the I 2 statistic and meta-regression. ResultsOf 3,316 screened records, 63 were included. In randomly selected samples from the general population, the summary prevalence estimate was 1.3% (95% confidence intervals, CI 1.0 to 1.8%, I 2 41.5%, 3 studies) in countries with higher levels of development and 3.9% (95% CI 2.2 to 6.7, I 2 89.2%, 3 studies) in countries with lower levels. Prevalence estimates were similar in women and men (p=0.47). In clinic-based samples prevalence estimates were higher, except in asymptomatic patients (0.8%, 95% CI 0.4 to 1.4, I 2 0.0%, 3 studies). Summary prevalence estimates were: pregnant women 0.9% (95% CI 0.6 to 1.4%, I 2 0%, 4 studies); MSM in the community 3.2% (95% CI 2.1 to 5.1, I 2 78.3%, 5 studies); FSW in the community 15.9% (95% CI 13.5 to 18.9, I 2 =79.9%, 4 studies). DiscussionThis systematic review can inform testing guidelines for M. genitalium infection. The low estimated prevalence of M. genitalium in the general population, pregnant women and asymptomatic attenders at clinics does not support expansion of testing to asymptomatic people in these groups.

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“…Oakeshott et al [12] demonstrated young age and race as risk factors for M. genitalium, in addition, majority of patients in the Baltimore study were African American. Olsen et al had a very low prevalence of M. genitalium among married Vietnamese women [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Mycoplasma genitalium in Gynecologic Patients

Goje¹,

Munoz²,

Nolte³

et al. 2017

J AIDS Clin Res

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Objective: Mycoplasma genitalium has been recognized as a cause of male urethritis, and there is now evidence suggesting it causes cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women.Methods: Prevalence, risk factors and co-infections with other sexually transmitted pathogens were collected in a cross-sectional study looking at 400 women at the gynecologic clinics of a university medical center in the United States. Bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis were diagnosed using Amsel's criteria, gram stain and trichomonas culture respectively. Cervicitis and PID were clinically diagnosed. After testing for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the residual cervical swab transport medium (Gen-Probe/Hologic ® ) was stored at -70°C. Stored samples were later analyzed for M. genitalium by a research use only transcription-mediated amplification assay using procedures similar to those established for APTIMA Combo2 assay for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae (Gen-Probe/Hologic ® ). Results:The overall prevalence of infection with C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, T. vaginalis and M. genitalium was found to be 7.8%, 1.8%, 10.43% and 8.9%, respectively. Prevalence of M. genitalium was comparable to that of C. trachomatis and greater than the prevalence of N. gonorrhoeae. Univariate analysis of M. genitalium status showed that participants with lower condom use had an increased probability of M. genitalium (p=0.037). Conclusion:Prevalence of M. genitalium was comparable to C. trachomatis in our study, but more research is needed to clarify pathogenicity.

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Population‐based assessment of Mycoplasma genitalium in Vietnam – low prevalence among married women of reproductive age in a rural area

Cited by 16 publications

References 29 publications

Mycoplasma genitaliumpresence, resistance and epidemiology in Greenland

Mycoplasma genitaliumpresence, resistance and epidemiology in Greenland

Prevalence ofMycoplasma genitaliumin different population groups: systematic review and meta-analysis

Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Mycoplasma genitalium in Gynecologic Patients

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