Population balance modeling of flame synthesis of titania nanoparticles

Tsantilis, Stavros; Kammler, Hendrik K.; Pratsinis, Sotiris E.

doi:10.1016/s0009-2509(02)00107-0

Cited by 176 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…flow rates and temperature gradients). The cr ystalline structure of the particles can be also adjusted by adding dopants to the feed stream (Vemury and Pratsinis 1995) and by controlling the temperature history of the particles, as has been demonstrated by Jiang et al (2007) and shown computationally by Johannessen et al (2000;2001) and Tsantilis et al (2002). The application of external electric fields has also been shown to provide good control of the physical and chemical characteristics of the produced particles (Vemury and Pratsinis 1995;Kammler and Pratsinis 2000;Kammler et al 2003).…”

Section: Flame Synthesismentioning

confidence: 97%

Generation and Sizing of Particles for Aerosol-Based Nanotechnology

Biskos

Vons

Yurteri

et al. 2008

KONA

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Section: Flame Synthesismentioning

confidence: 97%

Generation and Sizing of Particles for Aerosol-Based Nanotechnology

Biskos

Vons

Yurteri

et al. 2008

KONA

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“…Particle volumes with sizes ranging from 10 -27 to 10 -20 m 3 are considered (which correspond to diameters of range from *1 nm to *0.3 lm) by defining 102 size sections at a geometric spacing factor q of 1.2 on a logarithmic volume scale. Equations for population balance (Prakash et al 2003) and average surface area (Muhlenweg et al 2002) are solved considering precursor decomposition (Tsantilis et al 2002), homogeneous particle nucleation (Girshick and Chiu 1990), coagulation (Friedlander 2000), coalescence (Kobata et al 1991;Lehtinen et al 1996;Schwade and Roth 2004;Giesen et al 2004), and surface growth (Prakash et al 2003). Monomers of TiO 2 are given a diameter of 0.4 nm, corresponding to the volume equivalent diameter of a titania molecule.…”

Section: Sectional Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of nanoparticle size and agglomeration through electric-field-enhanced flame synthesis

2007

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The isolated study of electrophoretic transport of nanoparticles (that are innately charged through thermionic emission), with no ionic wind, has been conducted under uniform electric fields. Titania nanoparticles are produced using a burner-supported low-pressure premixed flame in a stagnation-point geometry from corresponding organometallic vapor precursor. The material processing flow field is probed in-situ using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) to map OH-radical concentrations and gas-phase temperatures. The experimental results of particle growth under different applied electric fields are compared with computations using monodisperse and sectional models. The results show that such electric field application can decrease aggregate particle size (e.g. from 40 to 18 nm), maintain metastable phases and particle crystallinity, and non-monotonically affect primary particle size (e.g. from 6 to 5 nm) and powder surface area. A specific surface area (SSA) for anatase titania nanopowder of 310 m 2 /g, when synthesized under an applied electric field of 125 V/cm, is reported. Results are also given for the synthesis of alumina nanoparticles.

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“…To reduce the reaction time (or residence time), gasphase reactions can be conducted using a high-temperature flame aerosol method, such as premixed flame (Arabi-Katbi et al, 2001;Johannessen et al, 2001;Kammler et al, 2002;Tsantilis et al, 2002;Kammler et al, 2003), diffusion flame (Pratsinis et al, 1996;Akurati et al, 2007), and detonation processes (Ouyang et al, 2008a, b), by using TTIP or TiCl 4 as the feeds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Thermal Synthesis of Nano Titanium Dioxide Powders Using a Plasma Torch

Wang

Yen

Tsai

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Spherical TiO 2 nano-to microparticles are rapidly synthesized by spraying clear stock solution as a nano aerosol into an atmospheric-pressure microwave plasma torch at 550-600°C. The stock solution was prepared by an initial H 2 O/TiCl 4 (titanium tetrachloride) volume ratio of 8. At about 0.15 s, anatase TiO 2 powders were produced and collected by 14-stage impactors. The size distribution shows that 98.47% of the particles in number were in the < 10-nm impactor, with the normalized particle number percentage (dn'/dlogDp) of 327.1, although the mass distribution of the powders was mainly in the size range of 2.5-6.2 μm. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images show that most of the spherical TiO 2 particles had a primary particle size of about 10 nm. Moreover, larger secondary particles (several μm), likely aggregated small particles were also presented. The chemical composition and elemental analyses show that the structure of the powders is mainly composed of TiO 2 with traces of TiO 2 -xNx. Hence, the total reaction pathway is proposed as Ti(OH) x Cl 4-x + H 2 O + N 2 + O 2  TiO 2 nuclei + HCl + other byproducts. Moreover, the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum and photocatalytic performance of the synthesized powders during exposure to ultraviolet or visible light are comparable to those of commercial TiO 2 powders.

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Population balance modeling of flame synthesis of titania nanoparticles

Cited by 176 publications

References 46 publications

Generation and Sizing of Particles for Aerosol-Based Nanotechnology

Generation and Sizing of Particles for Aerosol-Based Nanotechnology

Control of nanoparticle size and agglomeration through electric-field-enhanced flame synthesis

Rapid Thermal Synthesis of Nano Titanium Dioxide Powders Using a Plasma Torch

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