Population balance model for biomass milling

Gil, Miguel; Luciano, Ennio; Arauzo, Inmaculada

doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2015.01.060

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The poor performance of Miscanthus should be attributed to the wrapping effect of lignin, but not the high crystallinity of cellulose. The ball milling effectively liberated the (hemi)cellulose from the lignin wrapping without significantly decreasing the crystallinity of cellulose in biomass and then promoted the EG yield. , Comparing to the long time and high power ball milling of cellulose to decrease its crystallinity (e.g., 600 rpm 48 h ball milling), ,− the mild pretreatment herein is a less energy-consuming way to promote the conversion of biomass to EG.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ball milling effectively liberated the (hemi)cellulose from the lignin wrapping without significantly decreasing the crystallinity of cellulose in biomass and then promoted the EG yield. 56,57 Comparing to the long time and high power ball milling of cellulose to decrease its crystallinity (e.g., 600 rpm 48 h ball milling), 38,58−60 the mild pretreatment herein is a less energyconsuming way to promote the conversion of biomass to EG. Morphology, Particle Size, and Surface Properties of Biomass before and after Ball Milling.…”

Section: Acs Sustainable Chemistry and Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unlock the Compact Structure of Lignocellulosic Biomass by Mild Ball Milling for Ethylene Glycol Production

Pang

Zheng

et al. 2018

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Ball milling pretreatment was found to be an efficient method to promote the catalytic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethylene glycol (EG). After 3–6 h ball milling of Miscanthus at 450 rpm, the EG yield reached about 52%, which is comparable to the result of pure cellulose conversion. The reasons of the promotion effect were investigated by characterizing the structure of biomass and the reaction residuals with X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, particle size distribution analyzer, contact angle measurement, thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The mild ball milling liberated (hemi)cellulose from the compact plant tissues without affecting the crystallinity of cellulose. It reduced the size of biomass to 30 μm and improved the accessibility of (hemi)cellulose, leading to a hydrophilic surface and high energy state of biomass for catalytic conversion. During the catalytic conversion, the mass transfer between sugar intermediates and heterogeneous hydrogenation catalysts were improved. Correspondingly, the self-reaction of sugar intermediates, and the reactions between sugar intermediates and lignin fractions were suppressed, resulting in the high EG yield.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acs Sustainable Chemistry and Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unlock the Compact Structure of Lignocellulosic Biomass by Mild Ball Milling for Ethylene Glycol Production

Pang

Zheng

et al. 2018

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…OPW is produced mostly in the form of large particles and lumps; therefore, size reduction is crucial for utilisation in AC production. This is done by milling figure 6 [172], a high-energy operation [173]. Particle size is one of the crucial determinants in the thermochemical route; physical condition of biomass notwithstanding, the method influences activation rate and other production parameters [174].…”

Section: Washing and Millingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The material properties in terms of its resistance and minimum specific energy are relevant to determine fracture and breakage factor The efficiency of a hammer milling operation is determined by the nature of the biomass, and thus, milling tendencies vary widely. Several physical and mechanical properties are important, e.g., material breakage, as the fracture reaction is contingent on impact frequency, energy, moisture content and biomass properties [172]. Vogel and Peukert [179] expressed the phenomenon of breakage as in Equation ( 4…”

Section: Washing and Millingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Chemicals to Produce Activated Carbon from Agricultural Waste Biomass

et al. 2019

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The choice of activating agent for the thermochemical production of high-grade activated carbon (AC) from agricultural residues and wastes, such as feedstock, requires innovative methods. Overcoming energy losses, and using the best techniques to minimise secondary contamination and improve adsorptivity, are critical. Here, we review the importance and influence of activating agents on agricultural waste: how they react and compare conventional and microwave processes. In particular, adsorbent pore characteristics, surface chemistry interactions and production modes were compared with traditional methods. It was concluded that there are no best activating agents; rather, each agent reacts uniquely with a precursor, and the optimum choice depends on the target adsorbent. Natural chemicals can also be as effective as inorganic activating agents, and offer the advantages that they are usually safe, and readily available. The use of a microwave, as an innovative pyrolysis approach, can enhance the activation process within a duration of 1–4 h and temperature of 500–1200 °C, after which the yield and efficiency decline rapidly due to molecular breakdown. This study also examines the biomass milling process requirements; the influence of the dielectric properties, along with the effect of washing; and experimental setup challenges. The microwave setup system, biomass feed rate, product delivery, inert gas flow rate, reactor design and recovery lines are all important factors in the microwave activation process, and contribute to the overall efficiency of AC preparation. However, a major issue is a lack of large-scale industrial demonstration units for microwave technology.

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“…Due to the several types of OPW with varied sizes and shapes, their milling tendencies vary widely. Material breakage as the fracture reaction is contingent on impact frequency, energy, moisture content and biomass properties [50]. The material properties in terms of its resistance and minimum specific energy are relevant to determine fracture and breakage factor which would define the milling rate.…”

Section: Prospects Of Biomass Utilisation and Noneconomic Valuementioning

confidence: 99%

Energy and economic assessment of mixed palm residue utilisation for production of activated carbon and ash as fertiliser in agriculture

Ukanwa

Patchigolla

Sakrabani

2021

Environmental Technology

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The resultant residues after thermal processes can be reused in the form of activated carbon (AC) production or used for soil amelioration. However, the economic and energy optimisation of the waste revaluation process is necessary for the prediction of technology requirements, investment boundaries and cost-benefit analysis. Mass, energy and cost estimation of the entire process were systematically executed relative to equipment sizing and type of product, as major factors in the evaluation. The economic analysis and process optimisation were quantified and evaluated with the Aspen Plus economy and an SPSS statistical tool for economic analysis. Simulation results were concomitant with economic analysis to determine the approximate annualised return on investment, profitability index and payback period, using optimised variables in the process. The four processes examined: process scenario 1-4 (pyrolysis, gasification, combustion and combined) have 16, 17, 14 and 17.2% return on investment for the 8.5, 8.2, 9.8 and 8-year payback period, respectively. The results provide a technology assessment and economic guide for investors and policymakers among others. This work is also useful for researchers in achieving the goal of efficient biomass utilisation. Palm waste ash as a potential alternative to chemical fertiliser, especially for the treatment of ultisol and acidic soils, were evaluated and it was confirmed that it is a good alternative to typical inorganic fertiliser. Finally, the results indicate that using such wastes in the AC market is a viable business option, though with high initial capital investment even though palm waste ash can be produced locally.

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Population balance model for biomass milling

Cited by 16 publications

References 32 publications

Unlock the Compact Structure of Lignocellulosic Biomass by Mild Ball Milling for Ethylene Glycol Production

Unlock the Compact Structure of Lignocellulosic Biomass by Mild Ball Milling for Ethylene Glycol Production

A Review of Chemicals to Produce Activated Carbon from Agricultural Waste Biomass

Energy and economic assessment of mixed palm residue utilisation for production of activated carbon and ash as fertiliser in agriculture

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