Population Attributable Risks of Esophageal and Gastric Cancers

Engel, Lawrence S.; Chow, Wong Ho; Vaughan, Thomas L.; Gammon, Marilie D.; Risch, Harvey A.; Stanford, Janet L.; Schoenberg, Janet B.; Mayne, Susan T.; Dubrow, Robert; Rotterdam, Heidrun; West, A. Brian; Blaser, Martin J.; Blot, William J.; Gail, Mitchell H.; Fraumeni, Joseph F.

doi:10.1093/jnci/djg047

Cited by 673 publications

(490 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…These data indicate that a substantial health benefit to esophageal cancer could be expected by efforts of reducing the prevalence of drinking and smoking, especially for the prevalence of more than 900 g/day-year alcohol consumption (PAR ϭ 44.0%). Similar health benefit could be anticipated in population of North American, 31 in which the estimated PAR for drinking (67.7%) and smoking (65.0%) in relation to squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus were comparable to estimates in our study. Considering the intake of alcohol together with the use of tobacco, the combined population attributable risk proportion increased to 82.6%, which was similar to findings obtained from populations in South America and Northern Italy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Independent and combined effects of alcohol intake, tobacco smoking and betel quid chewing on the risk of esophageal cancer in Taiwan

Lee

et al. 2004

Intl Journal of Cancer

208

175

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A multicenter case-control study was conducted in northern and southern Taiwan to clarify the independent and combined effects of alcohol intake, tobacco smoking and betel quid chewing on the risk of esophageal cancer. A total of 513 patients with newly diagnosed and histopathologically confirmed squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and 818 gender, age and study hospitalmatched controls were included. We found a significant doseresponse relationship between the duration and intensity of consumption of the 3 substances and the development of this neoplasm in this site. Although the amount of alcohol consumed had a stronger effect on the risk of esophageal cancer than the number of years it was consumed, however, the number of years one smoked had a stronger effect on the risk than the amount of cigarettes consumed. The strongest risk factor of esophageal cancer was alcohol intake, with highest risk (OR ‫؍‬ 13.9) being for those who consumed more than 900 g/day-year. Combined exposure to any 2 of 3 substances brought the risks up to 8.8 -19.7 fold and, to all 3 substances, to 41.2-fold. A multiplicative interaction effect for alcohol drinkers who smoked on cancer risk was detected, whereas an additive interaction effect was found among drinkers who chewed. The combined effect of all 3 substances accounted for 83.7% of the attributable fraction of contracting esophageal cancer in this population. In conclusion, these results suggest that the intensity and the length of time alcohol and tobacco are used play different roles in the etiology of esophageal cancer. Alcohol separately interacts with tobacco and betel quid in a differently synergistic way in determining the development of this site of cancer.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Independent and combined effects of alcohol intake, tobacco smoking and betel quid chewing on the risk of esophageal cancer in Taiwan

Lee

et al. 2004

Intl Journal of Cancer

208

175

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“…Well-known risk factors for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma include smoking and alcohol consumption (Brown et al, 2001;Engel et al, 2003;Crew and Neugut, 2004). Gastrooesophageal reflux disease and obesity are identified risk factors for oesophageal adenocarcinoma (Engel et al, 2003;Crew and Neugut, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gastrooesophageal reflux disease and obesity are identified risk factors for oesophageal adenocarcinoma (Engel et al, 2003;Crew and Neugut, 2004). In the USA, adenocarcinoma is more often found in patients with a higher SES, whereas squamous cell carcinoma is more common among patients with a lower SES (Brown et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of socio-economic status in the decision making on diagnosis and treatment of oesophageal cancer in The Netherlands

et al. 2006

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In the United States (USA), a correlation has been demonstrated between socio-economic status (SES) of patients on the one hand, and tumour histology, stage of the disease and treatment modality of various cancer types on the other hand. It is unknown whether such correlations are also involved in patients with oesophageal cancer in The Netherlands. Between 1994 and 2003, 888 oesophageal cancer patients were included in a prospective database with findings on the diagnostic work-up and treatment of oesophageal cancer. Socio-economic status of patients was defined as the average net yearly income. Linear-by-linear association testing revealed that oesophageal adenocarcinoma was more frequently observed in patients with higher SES and squamous cell carcinoma in patients with lower SES (P ¼ 0.02). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed no correlation between SES and staging procedures and preoperative TNM stage. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for stent placement was 0.82 (95% CI 0.71 -0.95), indicating that with an increase in SES by 1200 h, the likelihood that a stent was placed declined by 18%. Patients with a higher SES more frequently underwent resection or were treated with chemotherapy (OR: 1.15; 95% CI 1.01 -1.32 and OR: 1.16; 95% CI 1.02 -1.32, respectively). Socio-economic factors are involved in oesophageal cancer in The Netherlands, as patients with a higher SES are more likely to have an adenocarcinoma and patients with a lower SES a squamous cell carcinoma. Moreover, the correlations between SES and different treatment modalities suggest that both patient and doctor determinants contribute to the decision on the most optimal treatment modality in patients with oesophageal cancer.

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“…Both histologic subtypes share a common origin, developing from the epithelial lining of the esophagus, and typically present at an advanced clinical stage at the time of diagnosis [1][2][3][4]. Determining the exact site of origin for EAC is challenging because visual and pathologic analysis may not confirm origination from metaplastic glandular epithelium of the distal esophagus or directly from gastric cardia epithelium with proximal growth into the distal esophagus [1][2][3][4]. For this reason, the term "gastroesophageal" adenocarcinoma has been used to encompass tumors of uncertain site of origin [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Genomic Profiling of Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Esophageal Adenocarcinomas Reveals Similarities and Differences

Wang¹,

Johnson²,

Ali³

et al. 2015

The Oncologist

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Background. Esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) and esophageal adenocarcinomas (EACs) account for .95% of esophageal malignancies and represent a major global health burden. ESCC is the dominant histology globally but represents a minority of U.S. cases, with EAC accounting for the majority of U.S. cases.The patient outcomes for advanced ESCC and EAC are poor, and new therapeutic options are needed. Using a sensitive sequencing assay, we compared the genomic profiles of ESCC and EAC with attention to identification of therapeutically relevant genomic alterations. Methods. Next-generation sequencing-based comprehensive genomic profiling was performed on hybridization-captured, adaptor ligation-based libraries to a median coverage depth of .6503 for all coding exons of 315 cancer-related genes plus selected introns from 28 genes frequently rearranged in cancer.Results from a single sample were evaluated for all classes of genomic alterations (GAs) including point mutations, short insertions and deletions, gene amplifications, homozygous deletions, and fusions/rearrangements. Clinically relevant genomic alterations (CRGAs) were defined as alterations linked to approved drugs and those under evaluation in mechanismdriven clinical trials.Results. There were no significant differences by sex for either tumor type, and the median age for all patients was 63 years.

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Population Attributable Risks of Esophageal and Gastric Cancers

Cited by 673 publications

References 75 publications

Independent and combined effects of alcohol intake, tobacco smoking and betel quid chewing on the risk of esophageal cancer in Taiwan

Independent and combined effects of alcohol intake, tobacco smoking and betel quid chewing on the risk of esophageal cancer in Taiwan

The role of socio-economic status in the decision making on diagnosis and treatment of oesophageal cancer in The Netherlands

Comprehensive Genomic Profiling of Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Esophageal Adenocarcinomas Reveals Similarities and Differences

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