Population analysis of Bali Mynah (Leucopsar rothschildi Stresemann 1912) released in 2007 in Bali Barat National Park, Indonesia

Abstract

Hernowo JB. 2017. Population analysis of Bali Mynah (Leucopsar rothschildi Stresemann 1912) released in 2007 in Bali Barat National Park, Indonesia. Trop Drylands 1: 83-89. The population of Bali Mynah (Leucopsar rothschildi) has been released in the year 2007 in Bali Barat National Park should be monitored. Monitoring of the Bali Mynah (BM) population development was done in June 2008, June 2009 and October 2009. Monitoring method employed was direct observation focused on rations feeding site and surrounding areas at Tanjung Gelap (Menjangan Resort). The individual number that was released in June 2008 was 20 individuals, and that in June 2009 and October 2010 was, respectively, 20 individuals and 22 individuals. The Bali Mynah survival is approximately 77.27-110.53% in two respective years. The bird natality rate is 10.53%. The sex ratio is about 1:1 and birds age structure are 95.24% adult and 4.76% sub adult. The over-all population of Bali Mynah (BM) at Tanjung Gelap is in good condition. The important factors that support Bali Mynah survival in the wild habitat is through managed nest box, food rations, and BM safety.

Evaluation on Bali Mynah (Leucopsar rothschildi Stresemann, 1912) population, result of release process 1998-2015 in Bali Barat National Park, Indonesia

“…The important accessories in breed cages are the nest boxes. The availability of tree nest hole breeders is an important habitat component for BM living (Hernowo 2017). The extent of breeding cages influences the preparation and the success of the release (Mas'ud 2010).…”

“…According to Hernowo (2017), the attachment of rings on the BM is carried out to facilitate daily monitoring and find out the adaptation process of the BM in their natural habitat. However, during the release conducted at Pos Lampu Merah in December 2013, BM individuals were only given a colorless numbered ring, so it was difficult to monitor individual BM.…”

“…The Bali Mynah (Leucopsar rothschildi Stresemann, 1912) population is declining rapidly due to illegal hunting, lack of security and surveillance, lack of legal sanctions, and low public awareness. Nowadays, the population of this wild bird (nature bird/not from release) is in a very alarming situation, which will likely lead to extinction of the population is not adequately managed (Hernowo 2017). Illegal trapping for the wildlife trade is the primary threat to the survival of the Bali Starling in the wild (Jepson 2016).…”

Characterization of eight polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit II gene in Bali myna Leucopsar rothschildi

“…Conservation translocation, including reintroductions, should always be carried out taking into consideration the genetic diversity of any reintroduced individuals (IUCN SSC, 2013). However, the genetic diversity among the groups of released individuals has not been considered in the reintroduction programme for the Bali myna (Hernowo, 2017) because reliable genetic makers for this species, such as mtDNA or microsatellite DNA, have not been reported to date.…”

“…Approximately 90 Bali myna have been reared at the Preservation and Research Center, Yokohama, Japan (Plate 1). The Center has participated in several conservation activities, including the release of captive‐bred birds; however, the number of wild individuals remains unstable (Jepson, 2016; Hernowo, 2017). Since 2004, the Preservation and Research Center has worked in cooperation with the Republic of Indonesia and the Bali Myna Conservation Society in Indonesia to try to recover the wild population, particularly through supplying birds from the Center for release in Bali.…”