Population aging and comparative advantage

Cai, Jie; Stoyanov, Andrey

doi:10.1016/j.jinteco.2016.04.006

Cited by 62 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Table displays the results from additional robustness checks by altering specification identifications and estimation technique. The fixed effect estimation presented in column (1) includes importer‐industry fixed effects to control for systematic demand side determinants of trade flows similar as Cai and Stoyanov (). Our main coefficients of interest are always consistent with the baseline results.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trade economists have then augmented this specification to test other possible causes of comparative advantage by adding different kinds of industry factor intensities coupled with country factor endowments (e.g., Do & Levchenko, ; Levchenko, ; Nunn, ; Maskus & Yang, ). Other papers (e.g., Bombardini, Gallipoli, & Pupato, ; Cai & Stoyanov, ) adjust the specification to test bilateral trade data by adding traditional gravity controls.…”

Section: Empirical Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to Cai and Stoyanov (), we investigate the role of PC in trade patterns using the following Equation .

\begin{matrix} \ln (X_{italiccpit}) = & β_{1} \ln false(K C_{ct} false) \times P C_{i} + β_{2} \ln false(K C_{ct} false) \times P C_{i} \times I P R_{italicpt} + γ_{1} \ln false(K_{ct} false) \times k_{i} \\ + γ_{2} \ln false(S_{ct} false) \times s_{i} + \sum_{m = 3}^{M} γ_{m} \ln false(V_{mct} false) \times v_{i} + δ_{italiccp} + α_{italicct} + α_{italicpt} + α_{italicit} + ϵ_{italicijct} \end{matrix}

where X cpit is the total exports of industry i from country c to country p in year t ; KC ct is our measure of country c 's knowledge capital stock at year t ; PC i denotes the industry‐level PC length for industry i ; IPR pt is an institutional measure of the IPRs protection in country p at year t . As we mentioned in the previous section, the PC is treated as an exogenous given innate nature of the technologies used in each industry.…”

Section: Empirical Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There also seems to be a new source of comparative advantage originating from PC length and knowledge capital endowment. There is a large number of literature on comparative advantage: country factor endowment and industry factor intensity such as capital endowment and capital intensity, skilled labor endowment and skill intensity in Romalis (), Chor (), Cai and Stoyanov () among others; country institutions and industry‐level institutional dependence as in Nunn (), Levchenko (), Essaji (), Nunn and Trefler (), Maskus and Yang (); finance development and financial dependence as in Beck (), Do and Levchenko (), Manova () for example. Our paper finds some evidence for another source of comparative advantage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Product life‐cycle, knowledge capital, and comparative advantage

Chen

Shao

2019

Rev International Economics

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This paper empirically investigates the effect of product life‐cycle on trade patterns. We measure the product life‐cycle length with patent citation data at the industry level. Using bilateral trade data from 2002 to 2006, we find that countries with more knowledge capital endowment export more in industries with shorter product life‐cycles. We show that this pattern is largely driven by the risk of imitation. The pattern is reversed when imitation is limited by stronger intellectual property rights.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Empirical Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to Cai and Stoyanov (), we investigate the role of PC in trade patterns using the following Equation .

\begin{matrix} \ln (X_{italiccpit}) = & β_{1} \ln false(K C_{ct} false) \times P C_{i} + β_{2} \ln false(K C_{ct} false) \times P C_{i} \times I P R_{italicpt} + γ_{1} \ln false(K_{ct} false) \times k_{i} \\ + γ_{2} \ln false(S_{ct} false) \times s_{i} + \sum_{m = 3}^{M} γ_{m} \ln false(V_{mct} false) \times v_{i} + δ_{italiccp} + α_{italicct} + α_{italicpt} + α_{italicit} + ϵ_{italicijct} \end{matrix}

Section: Empirical Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Product life‐cycle, knowledge capital, and comparative advantage

Chen

Shao

2019

Rev International Economics

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“…This paper is also connected to a large and growing literature in international trade that examines the determinants of export composition. In addition to classical determinants of comparative advantage such as factor endowments (Romalis 2004), this literature studies how country characteristics such as domestic institutions (e.g., Chor 2010;Levchenko 2007;Manova 2008;Nunn 2007), natural resources (Debaere 2014) and demographic composition (Cai and Stoyanov 2016) can also shape the composition of a country's exports. 1 The present paper uses a related style of analysis to show that domestic taxes can also significantly affect export composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the Vat Tax Exports?

Sharma

2019

Economic Inquiry

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While a VAT should in principle be neutral with respect to international trade, it may in practice function as a tax on exporters' input purchases if firms receive incomplete VAT refunds. Using data for over 100 countries that span the majority of historical VAT adoption episodes, this paper finds that—consistent with this hypothesis—the VAT reduces the exports of an industry with a 10 percentage point higher intermediate goods share of output by over 8% relative to an industry with a lower share. This effect is driven by developing countries and is absent for high‐income countries. (JEL F13, F14, H25, H87, O11)

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Environmental target constraints and enterprise export competitiveness—Exploring the sustainable development of China's external trade

Feng,

Zhang

2023

Sustainable Development

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Balancing export growth and environmental protection is the key to promoting China's long‐term sustainable development. Based on the multi‐dimensional panel data, we conducted a case study using Chinese prefecture‐level city and firm‐level data from 2004 to 2014 to examine the impact of local government environmental target constraints on enterprises' export competitiveness. The results show that local government environmental target constraints have a significant negative effect on the export competitiveness of enterprises, and this finding still holds after a series of robustness tests and overcoming endogeneity. The mechanism test shows that there is both the cost effect of the “traditional school” and the innovation compensation effect of the “Porter hypothesis” in the effect of local government environmental target constraints on the export competitiveness of enterprises. The sub‐sample heterogeneity regressions found that the negative effects of local government environmental target constraints on polluting industries, processing trade enterprises, and labor and capital‐intensive industries are significantly weaker than those on clean industries, general trade enterprises, and technology‐ intensive industries. The research provides empirical support for the government to develop environmental policies to secure a win‐win situation of environmental protection and export growth.

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Population aging and comparative advantage

Cited by 62 publications

References 37 publications

Product life‐cycle, knowledge capital, and comparative advantage

Product life‐cycle, knowledge capital, and comparative advantage

Does the Vat Tax Exports?

Environmental target constraints and enterprise export competitiveness—Exploring the sustainable development of China's external trade

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