Popularity differentially predicts reactive and proactive aggression in early adolescence

Stoltz, Sabine; Cillessen, Antonius H. N.; Berg, Yvonne H. M. van den; Gommans, Rob

doi:10.1002/ab.21603

Cited by 51 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In contrast, when studies control for levels of reactive aggression, proactive aggression is often uncorrelated with indicators of maladjustment or is positively associated with social competence, such as intelligence, popularity, and social skills (see Card & Little, 2006). A number of scholars have drawn on evolutionary and ethological frameworks to suggest that the effective use of aggression to successfully obtain resources, rewards, and power in social groups can be considered adaptive and socially competent (Hawley, 2014;Stoltz, Cillessen, van den Berg, & Gommans, 2016;Sutton et al, 1999).…”

Section: Functional Approaches To Aggressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Differences in Prototypical Moral and Conventional Judgments and Children's Proactive and Reactive Aggression

Jambon

Smetana

2017

Child Development

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This article examined links between 4- and 6-year-olds' (n = 101; M = 5.12 years, SD = 0.67; 53% male) ability to distinguish moral and conventional transgressions along different criteria and teacher ratings of proactive and reactive aggression. Latent difference score modeling revealed that moral transgressions were judged more unacceptable and wrong independent of rules and authority than conventional violations, but significant variability in moral-conventional distinctions was also observed. Proactive aggression was associated with less-and reactive aggression was associated with greater-differentiation in moral and conventional concepts. Proactive aggression was not associated with deficits in moral knowledge when other common assessments of early moral understanding were employed, highlighting the importance of using theoretically informed measures of moral judgments and aggression.

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Section: Functional Approaches To Aggressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Differences in Prototypical Moral and Conventional Judgments and Children's Proactive and Reactive Aggression

Jambon

Smetana

2017

Child Development

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“…Caputi et al (2012) indicated that theory of mind ultimately influenced peer relationships via social behavior. Children's prosocial tendencies are associated with their popularity (Deković and Gerris, 1994; Greener, 2000; Warden and Mackinnon, 2003), but specific antisocial behavior is related to adolescents' popularity (Cillessen and Borch, 2006; Mayeux, 2014; Stoltz et al, 2016). Thus, children tended to use theory of mind more prosocially, whereas adolescents tended to use it less prosocially in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mind-Reader Does Not Always Have Deontological Moral Judgments and Prosocial Behavior: A Developmental Perspective

Hao

2016

Front. Psychol.

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The rationalistic theories of morality emphasize that reasoning plays an important role in moral judgments and prosocial behavior. Theory of mind as a reasoning ability in the mental domain has been considered a facilitator of moral development. The present study examined whether theory of mind was consistently positively associated with morality from middle childhood to late adulthood. Two hundred and four participants, including 48 elementary school children, 45 adolescents, 62 younger adults, and 49 older adults, completed theory of mind, moral judgment and prosocial behavior tasks. Theory of mind was measured with strange stories that tapped into an understanding of lies, white lies, double bluffs, irony, and persuasion. Moral judgments were measured with variants of the trolley dilemma. Prosocial behavior was measured through participants' performance in an interactive situation in which a helping request was made. The results indicated specific rather than similar developmental trajectories of theory of mind, moral judgments, and prosocial behavior. There was a quadratic trend in theory of mind, a combination of quadratic and cubic trends in deontological moral judgments and a linear decline in helping behavior. It is thus suggested that theory of mind may not be associated with morality in an unchanging way during development. Further results indicated that theory of mind and deontological moral judgments were negatively correlated for children, adolescents, and older adults but positively correlated for younger adults. Theory of mind and helping behavior were positively correlated for children but negatively correlated for adolescents. However, the relationships disappeared in adulthood. In sum, the present study reveals that theory of mind may be a nice tool for its facilitation of deontological moral judgments and prosocial behavior, but it may also be a nasty tool for its blocking of deontological moral judgments and prosocial behavior. Moreover, theory of mind may be a permanent tool for moral judgment development but a temporary tool for prosocial behavior development. Thus, the present study enriches the rationalistic theories of morality from a developmental perspective. Different relationships between theory of mind and morality from middle childhood to late adulthood are discussed.

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“…The final XMQ scale was submitted to 1066 Dutch high school students as part of the Kandinsky Longitudinal Study (KLS) [37]. The KLS is a research project requested by the school in 2010 in order to help detect youth at risk for social and emotional problems in secondary education.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Has your smartphone replaced your brain? Construction and validation of the Extended Mind Questionnaire (XMQ)

2018

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As digital devices, such as smartphones, are becoming ever more absorbed in the daily lives of adolescents, a major assumption is that they start taking over basic functions of the human mind. A main focus of current debate and research is therefore on investigating adolescents’ use of digital technologies. However, the lack of an instrument measuring the degree to which adolescents offload cognitive and social functions to technology hinders debate and research. This paper tests the reliability and validity of the Extended Mind Questionnaire (XMQ) which measures the degree to which digital technology is used to offload cognitive and social functions. In a first study on young adults (n = 63), we constructed a 12-tem scale, which proved to be highly reliable. A large-scale study on teenagers (n = 947) demonstrated the high structural validity, reliability, and construct and criterion validity of the XMQ. In sum, these studies provide evidence that the XMQ is psychometrically sound and valid, and can be useful in future research on the consequences of digital technology in the daily lives of adolescents.

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Popularity differentially predicts reactive and proactive aggression in early adolescence

Cited by 51 publications

References 44 publications

Individual Differences in Prototypical Moral and Conventional Judgments and Children's Proactive and Reactive Aggression

Individual Differences in Prototypical Moral and Conventional Judgments and Children's Proactive and Reactive Aggression

A Mind-Reader Does Not Always Have Deontological Moral Judgments and Prosocial Behavior: A Developmental Perspective

Has your smartphone replaced your brain? Construction and validation of the Extended Mind Questionnaire (XMQ)

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