Poorer NF‐κB signaling by microfilariae in macrophages from BALB/c mice affects their ability to produce cytotoxic levels of nitric oxide to kill microfilariae

Abstract

Upon activation with microfilariae (mf), macrophages from C57Bl/6 mice showed higher nuclear factor-jB (NF-jB) but lower activating protein 1 DNA-binding activity as compared to BALB/c macrophages. The C57Bl/6 macrophages produced cytotoxic levels of nitric oxide (NO) to kill Setaria cervi mf as compared to BALB/c macrophages. Inhibition of the NF-jB signal by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) blocked NO production and microfilaricidal activity of C57Bl/6 macrophages and inclusion of the exogenous NO generator (SNP) in the PDTC treated C57Bl/6 macrophage cultures induced mf cytotoxicity. These results underscore that the NF-jB signal (induced in response to mf) is important for the NO-mediated microfilaricidal activity of macrophages.

Glutathione-Redox Balance Regulates c-rel–Driven IL-12 Production in Macrophages: Possible Implications in Antituberculosis Immunotherapy

“…Therefore, it appears that NAC/GSH-OEt specifically activates SOCS1 that prevents p65 NF-kB from translocation to the nucleus without affecting c-rel and p50 NF-kB. As a result, p65-dependent TNF-a and iNOS genes (23)(24)(25)41) were not induced in these macrophages, whereas c-rel/c-rel or c-rel/p50-dependent genes like IL-12 (20) were induced.…”

“…Because increased phosphorylation and degradation of IkBa was noticed at 3 mM NAC concentration (a situation with a higher intracellular GSH/GSSG ratio), it was expected that similar to c-rel (Fig. 3A), more p50 and p65 NF-kB would be available in the nucleus to start transcription of the NFkB-dependent genes like TNF-a and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) (23)(24)(25)41). However, we found that NAC at 3 mM concentration did not activate TNF-a (Fig.…”

Endocytosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Heat Shock Protein 60 Is Required to Induce Interleukin-10 Production in Macrophages*

“…Cytokine EIA-The levels of IL-10 and TNF-␣ cytokines were quantified by two-site sandwich EIA (BD Biosciences) as described earlier (35,37). Standard curve for these cytokines were obtained using the recombinant standard proteins provided by the manufacturer.…”

Hydrogen peroxide inhibits IL-12 p40 induction in macrophages by inhibiting c-rel translocation to the nucleus through activation of calmodulin protein

“…23 The RAW 264.7 macrophages were obtained from NCCS (National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India) and maintained in Dulbecco minimal essential medium (DMEM; Invitrogen, Grand Island, NY) containing 10% fetal calf serum and antibiotics (DMEM-10). The macrophages were plated at a density of 3 ϫ 10 6 cells/mL and stimulated with a combination of 1 g/mL lipopolysaccharide Reprints: Sangita Mukhopadhyay, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, ECIL Rd, Nacharam, Hyderabad 500 076, Andhra Pradesh, India; e-mail: sangita@cdfd.org.in.…”