Poorer glycaemic control is associated with increased skin thickness at injection sites in children with type 1 diabetes

Derraik, José G. B.; Rademaker, Marius; Cutfield, Wayne S.; Peart, Jane; Jefferies, Craig; Hofman, Paul L.

doi:10.1186/1687-9856-2014-2

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This results in pain, inflammation, infection risk, thickening of the skin, tissue necrosis, and nerve damage as a result of continuous glucose monitoring. A smart drug delivery system must be developed to overcome the limitations and drawbacks of open-loop delivery [58][59][60]. The number of articles published in the field of insulin drug delivery by oral administration between 2000 and 2023 indicates that this field has received considerable attention.…”

Section: Delivery Of Insulin Via Polymeric Nanostructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer-Based Nanostructures for Pancreatic Beta-Cell Imaging and Non-Invasive Treatment of Diabetes

et al. 2023

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Diabetes poses major economic, social, and public health challenges in all countries worldwide. Besides cardiovascular disease and microangiopathy, diabetes is a leading cause of foot ulcers and lower limb amputations. With the continued rise of diabetes prevalence, it is expected that the future burden of diabetes complications, early mortality, and disabilities will increase. The diabetes epidemic is partly caused by the current lack of clinical imaging diagnostic tools, the timely monitoring of insulin secretion and insulin-expressing cell mass (beta (β)-cells), and the lack of patients’ adherence to treatment, because some drugs are not tolerated or invasively administrated. In addition to this, there is a lack of efficient topical treatment capable of stopping the progression of disabilities, in particular for treating foot ulcers. In this context, polymer-based nanostructures garnered significant interest due to their tunable physicochemical characteristics, rich diversity, and biocompatibility. This review article emphasizes the last advances and discusses the prospects in the use of polymeric materials as nanocarriers for β-cell imaging and non-invasive drug delivery of insulin and antidiabetic drugs in the management of blood glucose and foot ulcers.

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Section: Delivery Of Insulin Via Polymeric Nanostructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer-Based Nanostructures for Pancreatic Beta-Cell Imaging and Non-Invasive Treatment of Diabetes

et al. 2023

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“…assessment of skin thickness: Epidermis plus dermis layers thickness was defined as skin thickness by using an ATL HDI 5000 ultrasound machine (Phillips Healthcare, Best, Netherlands) equipped with a 12-5 MHz linear array transducer [25], [26]. Assessment of Carotid intimamedia thickness (cIMT) was done by using General Electric medical ultrasonographic machine model: Vivid 7 Pro, GE Vingmed ultrasound AS-Nl90, Horton-Norway equipped with 7.5-10 MHz linear-array transducer) [27].…”

Section: Ultrasonographicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sclerodactyly and Diabetic Complications among Egyptian Adolescent Type 1 Diabetic Patient

Dayem

Bohy

Battah

2019

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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BACKGROUND: One of the common complications of diabetic patients is sclerodactyly which is considered as a part of limited joint mobility. AIM: To assess sclerodactyly in adolescent type 1 diabetics and to detect its relation to other diabetic complications. METHODS: Sixty-three diabetics and 60 controls were studied. Clinical, laboratory assessment, ultrasonography of the skin, carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) & renal colour duplex were done for all participants. RESULTS: Sclerodactyly was positive in 12 (19%) of diabetics. Patients with sclerodactyly had a significantly thickened skin compared to patients without sclerodactyly and controls, P = 0.0001. Male diabetics had significantly thickened skin (p = 0.0001). Diabetic patients with sclerodactyly had significant higher systolic blood pressure (p = 0.03), cholesterol (p = 0.05) and triglyceride (p = 0.004) and lower HDL-c (p = 0.04). Skin thickness had a significant positive correlation with age of diabetic patients (p = 0.02), waist/height ratio (p = 0.04), glycosylated hemoglobin (p = 0.03), albumin/creatinine ratio (p = 0.03), and cIMT (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Ultrasound easily diagnoses sclerodactyly. Diabetic patients had a high prevalence of sclerodactyly with increased macrovascular and microvascular complications. Sclerodactyly may be a marker for diabetic vascular complications. Frequent follow up of diabetic patients for early detection of sclerodactyly in uncontrolled diabetic patients is recommended. It could be an alarming sign for microalbuminuria, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis.

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“…Repeated injections around the same spot has been strongly associated with skin thickening around the injection sites. Studies have shown a correlation between increased skin thickening and poor glycaemic control, suggesting that the increased thickness around injection sites prevent the correct dose of insulin from being administered [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inkjet printing of insulin microneedles for transdermal delivery

Ross

Scoutaris

Lamprou

et al. 2015

Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res.

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Inkjet printing technology was used to apply insulin polymeric layers on metal microneedles for transdermal delivery. A range of various polymers such as gelatin (GLN), polyvinyl caprolactame-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol (SOL), poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (POX) and trehalose (THL) were assessed for their capacity to form thin uniform and homogeneous layers that preserve insulin intact. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed homogeneous insulin-polymer layers without any phase separation while SOL demonstrated the best performance. Circular discroism (CD) analysis of rehydrated films showed that insulin's alpha helices and β-sheet were well preserved for THL and SOL. In contrast, GLN and POX insulin layers revealed small band shifts indicating possible conformational changes. Insulin release in Franz diffusion cells from MNs inserted into porcine skin showed rapid release rates for POX and GLN within the first 20 min. Inkjet printing was proved an effective approach for transdermal delivery of insulin in solid state.

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Poorer glycaemic control is associated with increased skin thickness at injection sites in children with type 1 diabetes

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Polymer-Based Nanostructures for Pancreatic Beta-Cell Imaging and Non-Invasive Treatment of Diabetes

Polymer-Based Nanostructures for Pancreatic Beta-Cell Imaging and Non-Invasive Treatment of Diabetes

Sclerodactyly and Diabetic Complications among Egyptian Adolescent Type 1 Diabetic Patient

Inkjet printing of insulin microneedles for transdermal delivery

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