Poor survival of Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus on inanimate objects in the public spaces

Abstract

We investigated the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus on shopping baskets in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. Multilocus sequence typing was performed to determine the genotypes of S. aureus isolates, and then a polymerase chain reaction method was used to detect staphylococcal enterotoxins and antibiotic resistance genes. In addition, desiccation tolerance of S. aureus isolates was evaluated in vitro. Forty‐six (6.2%) S. aureus isolates were collected from 740 shopping baskets, though only one MRSA strain was identified. In multilocus sequence typing findings, ten sequence types and 24 singletons were classified, which were divided into ten clonal complexes and six singletons. The most frequent staphylococcal enterotoxin gene was seg (30.4%). Our in vitro findings demonstrated that 70% of the S. aureus isolates, including the MRSA strain, became undetectable at 12 h after desiccation at an appropriate cell density, while the others remained viable for up to 24 h. Thus, it is difficult for MRSA organisms to survive on dry surfaces found in public areas. We speculated that inanimate objects in the community are unlikely to be a potential source for transmission of MRSA and that S. aureus on such objects outside of hospital settings is not a public health threat.

Antibacterial Activity of Red yeast rice Extract against Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 11827 and Methicilin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA-1683

“…MRSA ATCC BAA-1683 is a bacterium that ferments glucose, lactose, mannose and maltose, with a positive VP result (Table 3). The results of microscopic observations and biochemical tests are in accordance with the research of Shinkafi & Ndanusa (2013) for P. acnes and research by Domon, et al (2016) for MRSA. 20,21 Resistance of Bacteria Test The results of the resistance test showed that oxacillin produced an inhibitory diameter of 8.03 mm against MRSA ATCC BAA-1683.…”

Antibacterial activity of hinokitiol against both antibiotic‐resistant and ‐susceptible pathogenic bacteria that predominate in the oral cavity and upper airways

“…All gram‐positive bacteria used in this study were cultured at 37°C under aerobic conditions. S. mutans MT8148, S. sobrinus MT10186, MRSA NILS1, and methicillin‐sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) NILS6 were grown in brain heart infusion broth (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) for 24 hr, as described previously . Macrolide‐resistant S. pneumoniae NU4471 (azithromycin MIC ≥ 1 mg/mL) was isolated from patients with respiratory tract infections .…”

“…S. mutans MT8148, S. sobrinus MT10186, MRSA NILS1, and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) NILS6 were grown in brain heart infusion broth (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) for 24 hr, as described previously. 25,26 Macrolide-resistant S. pneumoniae NU4471 (azithromycin MIC ≥ 1 mg/mL) was isolated from patients with respiratory tract infections. 27 Macrolide-and fluoroquinolone-resistant S. pneumoniae KM279 (azithromycin and levofloxacin MICs of >8 and >8 μg/mL, respectively) and multidrug-resistant S. pneumoniae KM256 (penicillin G, ceftriaxone, azithromycin, and levofloxacin MICs of >8, 8, 4, and >8 μg/mL, respectively) were isolated from children with acute otitis media.…”

Evaluation of Methods for Sampling of Staphylococcus aureus and Other Staphylococcus Species from Indoor Surfaces

“…A higher recovery rate of MRSA from smooth surfaces has previously been reported for contact plates compared with swabbing ( Obee et al , 2007 ). Desiccation caused by drying the inoculum on the surfaces prior to swabbing may, however, cause stress or damage to the cells resulting in a loss of viability ( Domon et al , 2016 ; Esbelin et al , 2018 ). This could explain the poor recovery found both with swabs and dipslides in our study.…”