Poor stomatal control of water balance and the abscission of green needles from a declining stand of spruce trees [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] from the northern Alps

Maier-Maercker, Uta; Koch, W.

doi:10.1007/bf00192185

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Liu and Payer observed unspecified damage of photosynthetic tissues caused by O 3 , which is damped by stomatal closure at dry sites (see also a study of Picea sitchensis seedlings by Dobson et al 1990). In contrast, Maier-Maercker and Koch (1995) saw a causal link between green needle fall at Wank Mountain and a malfunction of stomata, which could be reproduced experimentally in O 3 exposition chambers (Maier-Maercker and Koch 1991). Both variants of the hypothesis predict an increase in crown transparency with ozone exposure, which follows elevation above sea level rather closely in the region (Paffrath and Peters 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Bivariate and partial relationships of crown transparency and ecological variables support the relevance of soil chemical gradients resulting from the vastly differing developmental status of soils (nutrition hypothesis, Rehfuess 1995), of stand age (senescence) and of an interaction between elevation and drought, which could be a result of disrupted stomatal closure at high ozone exposure (Maier-Maercker and Koch 1995). On the other hand, there is no evidence for particular stress at moist high elevation sites, which casts considerable doubt on the significance of Liu and Payer's (1996) variant of the ozone hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The ozone hypothesis, as a specification of the photooxidant hypothesis, originated from work at Wank Mountain near Garmisch-Partenkirchen (Liu and Payer 1996;Maier-Maercker and Koch 1995). While Norway spruce is generally regarded as a rather ozone-resistant species (Matyssek et al 1997), spruces at Wank Mountain exhibited increased fall of green needles after episodes with AOT40 doses above 500 nl l À1 h À1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Both suggest an interaction with water availability, but with opposite tendencies. According to Liu and Payer (1995), high ozone dose in conjunction with ample water supply should cause transparency, while Maier-Maercker and Koch (1995) predict highest transparency at high ozone and drought conditions. A statistical test of both predictions not only has to look at elevation (as a surrogate of ozone dose), but also at the interaction terms (products) between elevation and water balance as potential causes of crown condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Ecological background of crown condition, growth and nutritional status of Picea abies (L.) Karst. in the Bavarian Alps

Ewald

2005

Eur J Forest Res

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Using a representative sample of stands from a cross section through the Bavarian portion of the northern Calcareous Alps, this study evaluates the plausibility and significance of causal hypotheses for an explanation of the poor crown condition of Norway spruce in mountain forests: (1) ozone exposure in conjunction with (a) drought and (b) ample water supply; (2) soil-borne nutrient deficiency; (3) drought; and (4) tree age. Site index and, in a subset of stands, foliar nutrient concentrations are considered as additional indicators of tree vigour. According to principal component analysis and multiple regression, crown condition was controlled by soil chemistry (transparency increased towards shallow calcareous soils), stand age and, to a smaller degree, by an interaction between ozone exposure and drought. Site index was best explained by a model including elevation, soil chemistry and drought. Tree nutrition clearly reflected the main soil chemical gradient, and P, N and Fe deficiencies were found in transparent stands, which had markedly smaller needles. The similar distributions of crown transparency, site index and nutrition present a strong argument for the hypothesis that soil chemistry has constrained the vigour of spruce trees in the Calcareous Alps for a long time. By leaving unproductive stands to age naturally, forest management has accentuated the pattern of crown condition. In the heterogeneous alpine landscape, possible effects of recent increases in ozone exposure have to be viewed extremely carefully against the background of these natural and anthropogenic covariables.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Ecological background of crown condition, growth and nutritional status of Picea abies (L.) Karst. in the Bavarian Alps

Ewald

2005

Eur J Forest Res

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“…No O 3 effects existed only at the severe water stress (Khan and Soja 2003). However, it is very complicated to determine or separate drought effect and O 3 damage, because both stresses together may disturb the stomatal control (Maier-Maercker and Koch 1995). To our knowledge, there exist only a few researches about the drought effects on yield and physiology of ozoneexposed winter wheat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthesis and yield responses of ozone-polluted winter wheat to drought

Biswas

et al. 2007

Photosynt.

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Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Jingdong 8) was exposed to short-term high ozone treatment after anthesis and then was either well irrigated with soil water content (SWC) of 80-85 % (O 3 +W) or drought treated (SWC 35-40 %, O 3 +D). Short-term ozone exposure significantly decreased irradiance-saturated net photosynthetic rate (P N ) of winter wheat. Under good SWC, P N of the O 3 -treated plant was similar to that of control on 2 d after O 3 -exposure (6 DAA), but decreased significantly after 13 DAA, indicating that O 3 exposure accelerated leaf senescence. Meanwhile, green flag leaf area was reduced faster than that of control. As a result, grain yield of O 3 +W was significantly decreased. P N of O 3 +D was further notably decreased and green flag leaf area was reduced more than that in O 3 +W. Consequently, substantial yield loss of O 3 +D was observed compared to that of O 3 +W. Although P N was significantly positively correlated with stomatal conductance, it also had notable positive correlation with the maximum photochemical efficiency in the dark adapted leaves (F v /F m ), electron transport rate (ETR), photochemical quenching (q P ), as well as content of chlorophyll, suggesting that the depression of P N was mainly caused by non-stomatal limitation. Hence optimal soil water condition should be considered in order to reduce the yield loss caused by O 3 pollution.

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Impact of Increasing CO2, and Air Pollutants (NOx, SO2, O3) on the Stable Isotope Ratios in Tree Rings

Siegwolf

Savard

Grams

et al. 2022

Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings

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Anthropogenic activities such as industrialization, land use change and intensification of agriculture strongly contribute to changes in the concentrations of atmospheric trace gases. Carbon dioxide (CO2), oxidized N compounds(NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ozone(O3) have particularly significant impacts on plant physiology. CO2, the substrate for plant photosynthesis, is in the focus of interest as the ambiguous effect of its increasing concentration is controversially discussed. Is its increase beneficial for plants or are plants non-responsive? NOx, a product of combustion and lightning, can have either fertilizing or toxic effects depending on the concentration and form. This is also the case for reduced forms of nitrogen(NHy), which are mostly emitted from agricultural and industrial activities. In combination CO2and N compounds can have a fertilizing effect. SO2 and ground-level O3 are mostly phytotoxic, depending on their concentrations, daily and seasonal exposure dynamics, and tree health condition. Elevated concentrations of both substances arise from industrial combustion processes and car emissions. All of the above-mentioned gaseous compounds affect plant metabolism in their specific ways and to different degrees. This impacts the isotope fractionation leaving specific fingerprints in the C, O, (H) and N isotope ratios of organic matter. In this chapter we will show how the impact of increasing CO2 and air pollutants are reflected in the isotopic ratios of tree rings. Increasing CO2 shows a considerable variation in responses of δ13C and to a minor degree in δ18O. Ozone and SO2 exposure cause an overall increase of the δ13C values in tree rings and a slight decrease in δ18O, mimicking an increase in net photosynthesis (AN) and to a minor degree in stomatal conductance (gs). However, directly measured AN and gs values show the opposite, which does not always correspond with the isotope derived gas exchange data. NO2 concentration as it is found near highly frequented freeways or industrial plants causes an increase of δ13C while δ18O decreases. This indicates an increase in both AN and gs, which corresponds well with directly measured gas exchange data. Thus the air quality situation must be taken in consideration for the interpretation of isotope values in tree rings.

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Poor stomatal control of water balance and the abscission of green needles from a declining stand of spruce trees [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] from the northern Alps

Cited by 15 publications

References 27 publications

Ecological background of crown condition, growth and nutritional status of Picea abies (L.) Karst. in the Bavarian Alps

Ecological background of crown condition, growth and nutritional status of Picea abies (L.) Karst. in the Bavarian Alps

Photosynthesis and yield responses of ozone-polluted winter wheat to drought

Impact of Increasing CO2, and Air Pollutants (NOx, SO2, O3) on the Stable Isotope Ratios in Tree Rings

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