Poor solvent and thermal annealing induced ordered crystallites in poly(3-dodecylthiophene) films

Roy, I.; Hazra, S.

doi:10.1039/c4ra10629f

Cited by 21 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…9,40,42,43 VXRD consists of a diffractometer (D8 Discover, Bruker AXS) with a Cu source (sealed tube) followed by a Göbel mirror to select and enhance Cu Ka radiation (l = 1.54 Å). 9,40,42,43 VXRD consists of a diffractometer (D8 Discover, Bruker AXS) with a Cu source (sealed tube) followed by a Göbel mirror to select and enhance Cu Ka radiation (l = 1.54 Å).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ordering and orientation of such molecules significantly influence the physical properties of organic materials and their corresponding device properties. [7][8][9] P3AT molecules can adopt two types of orientation on a substrate-(i) edge-on orientation, in which lamellae are perpendicular to the substrate, and (ii) face-on, in which they are parallel to it. [1][2][3][4][5] Poly(3-alkylthiophenes) (P3ATs) are one such kind of polymer having flexible alkyl side chains attached to stiff backbones consisting of thiophene units.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solvent dependent ordering of poly(3-dodecylthiophene) in thin films

Roy

Hazra

2015

Soft Matter

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The strong influence of solvents on the ordering of poly(3-dodecylthiophene) (P3DDT) due to edge-on oriented stacking, in the spin-coated thin film on the Si substrate, both near the substrate and away from it, depending upon the substrate surface nature, is observed from the X-ray reflectivity study. The absence of any appreciable amount of coil-like P3DDT chains (i.e. charge localized states) and formation of π-stacked aggregates (i.e. charge delocalized states) in the spin-coated thin films, with slightly better uniformity for the film prepared from toluene (TL) compared to that prepared from chloroform (CF) and chlorobenzene (CB), are well evident from the optical absorption study. No ordering near the weakly hydrophobic H-Si substrate is found in the films prepared from TL, probably due to less diffusion of P3DDT in TL and the appreciable pinning (film-substrate interaction) effect, while appreciable ordering near the film-air interface, overcoming the pinning effect, is likely to be related to the moderate values of the viscosity and the evaporation rate of the solvent. A better ordered Form-I-like relaxed structure near the film-substrate interface and a less ordered interpenetrating Form-II-like structure toward the film-air interface are found in the films prepared from CF, probably related to the low viscosity and high evaporation rate, respectively, of the solvent. Less ordered and mixed but more toward Form-II-like structures are formed throughout the film prepared from CB, probably due to the high viscosity of the solvent, even though its evaporation rate is low. The high evaporation rate of CF and high viscosity of CB probably create hindrance in the formation of continuous films on the weakly hydrophilic O-Si substrate at low speed, while the moderate values of both the parameters for TL, help to form continuous films on the O-Si substrate even at low speed. Such moderate values also help to form less variable (and more toward Form-I-like) structures and better ordering in the latter film. The relative fluctuation between aggregates along the film-thickness is, however, found slightly more in the film prepared from TL compared to that prepared from CF.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent dependent ordering of poly(3-dodecylthiophene) in thin films

Roy

Hazra

2015

Soft Matter

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“…37 The light source was He-Ne laser operated at 633 nm with a maximum output power of 15 mW. Also an idea about the size of the nanostructures formed by AuNPs and P123-micelles in the mixed solutions was obtained from DLS measurements.…”

Section: Characterizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…36,37 For comparison UV-vis absorption spectra of the mixed solutions of P123 + water were also carried out. 36,37 For comparison UV-vis absorption spectra of the mixed solutions of P123 + water were also carried out.…”

Section: Characterizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For that, the evolution and final state of mixed aqueous solution, containing TBP and gold salt, of different pHvalue, were monitored using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] and dynamic light scattering (DLS) [37][38][39] techniques, respectively, while the morphology of the AuNPs and aggregates in the final states were imaged through transmission electron microscopy (TEM). For that, the evolution and final state of mixed aqueous solution, containing TBP and gold salt, of different pHvalue, were monitored using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] and dynamic light scattering (DLS) [37][38][39] techniques, respectively, while the morphology of the AuNPs and aggregates in the final states were imaged through transmission electron microscopy (TEM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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pH-dependent size and structural transition in P123 micelle induced gold nanoparticles

Chatterjee

Hazra

2015

RSC Adv.

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The influence of the pH-value of the aqueous solution of P123-micelles on the growth and formation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which is of immense importance for their controlled growth in a simple single-step synthesis process, was investigated using time-evolution optical absorption spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The size and structures of the AuNPs are found pH-dependent, even within basic region, with transition near pH ≈ 9.5, though the free P123-micelles remain almost unchanged. Below this pH-value, the slow reduction rate of gold ions creates less number of nucleation centers, which through autocatalytic thermodynamically controlled reduction (ATCR), initially formed chain-like aggregated small AuNPs (of different chain length) and subsequently through further diffusion and coalescence, formed well-faceted near symmetrical large AuNPs of size ≫ 19 nm, the size of the free P123miclles. Above this pH-value, the fast reduction rate of the gold ions creates large number of nucleation centers. The growth of which is well restricted by the limited amount of available gold ions for the ATCR and also due to the metal-polymer hydrophobic and polymer-water hydrophilic interactions. Accordingly, controlled growth of the majority of the centers takes place through ATCR, diffusion and early capping through near individual micelles to form isolated symmetric small AuNPs of size < 19 nm, with narrow size distribution, which are really intended for the different applications and fundamental studies. However, minority (but not insignificant amount) of the centers still remain in very small sizes and trapped inside the large micellar assemblies or even in the near atomic states, which create hindrance in the yield of the isolated small AuNPs.

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Smart Laser‐Writable Micropatterns with Multiscale Photo/Moisture Reconstructible Structure

Zeng

Liu

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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The design of a dynamic, versatile, convertible, and responsive micropatterned system is realized by a photo/moisture reconstructible multiscale film‐substrate bilayer structure. Specifically, a hydrophilic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/laponite (LP) thin film is covalently bonded to a photothermally active polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/carbon black (CB) soft substrate. A laser engraver can inscribe programmable aligned micro‐wrinkles by manipulating laser power and spatiotemporal control. These wrinkles can be modulated into three distinct systems 1) moisture erasable and laser re‐writable wrinkles; 2) moisture driven reversible wrinkles; 3) moisture resistant wrinkles, which are achieved by controlling a) the moisture resistance of PVA; b) the dimensional stability of PVA/LP film regulated by the LP nanostructure, which can be adjusted by the laser power and the LP ratio. This programmable system can be applied in information encryption/recording and as a moisture responsive electrical switch, offering new routes for the modulations and applications of next generation smart materials.

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Poor solvent and thermal annealing induced ordered crystallites in poly(3-dodecylthiophene) films

Abstract: The influence of poor solvent and thermal annealing, with their specific roles, in the crystalline ordering of P3DDT films, which is important to their performance as semiconducting materials, were investigated using complementary techniques.

Cited by 21 publications

References 44 publications

Solvent dependent ordering of poly(3-dodecylthiophene) in thin films

Solvent dependent ordering of poly(3-dodecylthiophene) in thin films

pH-dependent size and structural transition in P123 micelle induced gold nanoparticles

Smart Laser‐Writable Micropatterns with Multiscale Photo/Moisture Reconstructible Structure

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