Poor sleep quality and its predictors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia

Abstract

Objectives The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of poor sleep quality and its associated factors among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia 2018. Comparative cross-sectional study was employed on 198 participants (99 cases and 99 controls). Data were collected using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Variables with p value ≤ 0.05 in multivariable logistic regression were treated as significant predictors of poor sleep quality. Results The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 55.6% among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 32.3% among controls. Longer duration of diabetes since diagnosis (> 10 years) [AOR = 4.88 CI (1.27, 18.66) p = 0.021], co-morbid hypertension [AOR = 3.2, CI (1.16, 8.84) p = 0.025], poor glycemic control [AOR = 3.16 CI (1.2, 8.27), p = 0.02] and current khat chewing [AOR = 3.06, CI (1.04, 8.98), p = 0.042] were factors significantly associated with poor sleep quality. The prevalence of poor sleep quality was significantly higher among people with diabetes than those who didn’t have diabetes (controls). Poor sleep quality may bring about mental impairment and reduce working capacity of individuals with diabetes mellitus. Therefore, diabetes mellitus patients need to have heath education about risk factors for poor sleep quality.

<p>Sleep Quality and Associated Factors Among Diabetes Mellitus Patients in a Follow-Up Clinic at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study</p>

“…From the formula "n" denotes sample size, " α 2 " is the reliability coefficient of standard error at the 5% level of significance with z =1.96, "p" is proportion and "d" is level of standard error. The prevalence (p) used was 55.6%, which was taken from a previous study done in Ethiopia, 16 to determine the sample size of 379 and 10% non-response rate was taken to determine the total sample size of 417. The sample size of the second objective was calculated using STATCalc Epi info version 7 by taking a proportion of factors from a similar study conducted in Ethiopia.…”

“…23 Duration of diabetes mellitus: Duration of ≤ 10 years since the first diagnosis is considered short duration and > 10 years is considered to be long duration. 16 Poor glycemic control: The average fasting blood glucose on three consecutive visits is > 130 or less than 70 mg/dl. 24 Good glycemic control: A 3-month average fasting blood glucose was between 70 and 130.…”

“…15 A study done in Ethiopia showed that about 55.6% of diabetic patients were affected by sleep disturbance. 16 Poor sleep quality in DM patients can be due to decreases in saturation level, pain, restless leg syndrome, nocturnal polyuria, and nocturnal hypoglycemia. 17 Poor sleep quality may bring about mental impairment and decrease the working capacity of individuals with DM.…”

The relationship between sleep duration and all-cause mortality in the older people: an updated and dose-response meta-analysis

“…Experimental studies indicated that sleep deprivation and excessive sleep duration can exert an adverse effect on hormones, metabolism and immune function [ 3 – 5 ]. From epidemiological aspects, although dozens of studies reported that inappropriate sleep duration and poor sleep quality are reported to be associated with high risk of some common diseases, including diabetes [ 6 ], cardiovascular diseases [ 7 ] and cancer [ 8 ], as well as to increased all-cause and cause-specific mortality rates [ 9 ], these associations are not often reproducible.…”

Relationship between Sleep Duration and All-Cause Mortality in the Older People: An Updated and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis

“…Mounting evidence suggests that sleep plays an important role in human mental and physical health [1,2]. Inappropriate sleep duration and poor sleep quality are closely related to common chronic diseases, including diabetes [3], cardiovascular diseases [4] and cancer [5], as well as increased all-cause and cause-specific mortality rates [6]. In addition, sleep deprivation and excessive sleep duration have adverse effects on hormone levels, metabolism and immune function [7][8][9].…”