Poor Physical Performance Predicts Future Onset of Depression in Elderly People: Progetto Veneto Anziani Longitudinal Study

Veronese, Nicola; Stubbs, Brendon; Trevisan, Caterina; Bolzetta, Francesco; Rui, Marina De; Solmi, Marco; Sartori, Leonardo; Musacchio, Estella; Zambon, Sabina; Perissinotto, Egle; Baggio, Giovannella; Crepaldi, Gaetano; Manzato, Enzo; Maggi, Stefania; Sergi, Giuseppe

doi:10.1093/ptj/pzx017

Cited by 82 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…A recent narrative review reported that weak handgrip strength was associated with reduced cognitive performance over time; therefore, greater handgrip strength may be protective against cognitive decline in older adults . Indeed, recent evidence has shown that weak handgrip strength is associated with an increased risk of psychological problems such as depression . These findings were confirmed by the results of our analysis, which suggested that older adults with handgrip strength greater than the muscle weakness cut‐off points had lower odds of cognitive impairment and depression than their weaker peers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Reference values for handgrip strength and their association with intrinsic capacity domains among older adults

Ramírez‐Vélez

Correa-Bautista

García-Hermoso

et al. 2019

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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Objective The purposes of this study were three‐fold: (i) to describe handgrip strength in older individuals aged ≥60 years in Colombia; (ii) to identify sex‐specific and age‐specific muscle weakness cut‐off points in older adults; and (iii) to determine the odds of adverse events for each of the intrinsic capacity domains for individuals with handgrip strength greater than the muscle weakness cut‐off points, as compared with their weaker counterparts. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted in Colombia, among 5237 older adults aged ≥60 years old (58.5% women, 70.5 ± 7.8 years), according to ‘SABE Survey 2015’. Handgrip strength data were obtained with a Takei dynamometer. Sociodemographic variables, five domains of intrinsic capacity (i.e. locomotion, vitality, cognition, psychological, and sensory), and medical conditions were assessed and analyzed. Adjustments variables were age, ethnicity, socio‐economic status, urbanicity, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol intake, drug use, physical activity, and co‐morbid chronic diseases. Sex‐stratified analyses were conducted with logistic regression models. Results Handgrip strength was greater among men than among women (26.7 ± 8.5 vs. 16.7 ± 5.7 kg, respectively, P < 0.001) at all ages. Weak handgrip strength cut‐off points ranged from 17.4 to 8.6 and from 10.1 to 4.9 in men and women, respectively. Overall, participants with optimal handgrip strength had better intrinsic capacity [in men, odds ratio (OR) = 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53 to 0.71; P < 0.001; and in women, OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.92; P = 0.002] than their weaker counterparts. Also, men with optimal handgrip strength had a lower risk of hospitalization (OR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.78; P = 0.004) than their weaker counterparts. Conclusions This study is the first to describe handgrip strength values and cut‐off points for muscle weakness among a nationally representative sample of Colombian older adults by age and sex. After categorizing older adults as weak or not weak based on the handgrip cut‐off points, non‐weakness was associated with a decreased odds of intrinsic capacity impairments. These cut‐off points may be good candidates for clinical assessment of risks to physical and mental health in older Colombian adults.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Reference values for handgrip strength and their association with intrinsic capacity domains among older adults

Ramírez‐Vélez

Correa-Bautista

García-Hermoso

et al. 2019

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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“…In this large sample of older adults in England, a significant inverse association between grip strength and depressive symptoms was observed, even when accounting for potentially confounding factors, thus replicating the recent emergent findings on the relationship between muscular strength and depression . To the best of our knowledge, for the first time, we found a similar inverse association between grip strength and an objective marker of chronic stress (measured using hair cortisol) when controlling for age and sex.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Although the present findings confirm those of previous research showing grip strength to be associated with depressive symptoms, the causal mechanisms underlying this relationship have yet to be determined. One possibility is that depression may cause a decline in systemic physical functioning through its association with adverse health behaviors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Another study using a large population‐based adult sample found that lower handgrip strength, standardized for age and sex, was both cross‐sectionally and longitudinally associated with depressive symptoms . Other recent studies have found similar results . One area of mental health that is understudied in relation to grip strength is chronic stress, which can exist independently to depression, or as a comorbidity or precursor to this condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

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The association of grip strength with depressive symptoms and cortisol in hair: A cross‐sectional study of older adults

Smith

Firth

Grabovac

et al. 2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Background Low handgrip strength has been shown to be associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. One area of mental health that is understudied in relation to grip strength is chronic stress, which can exist independently to depression, or as a comorbidity or precursor to this condition. The present study examined cross‐sectional associations between grip strength, an established marker of physical function, and (a) depressive symptoms and (b) chronic stress utilizing hair cortisol concentrations, while accounting for multiple pertinent confounding variables. Method Data were used from wave 6 (2012/13) of the English Longitudinal Study of Aging, a panel study of older (≥50 years) community‐dwelling men and women. Grip strength was measured in kg using a hand‐held dynamometer. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 8‐item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. Hair cortisol concentrations (pg/mg) were determined from samples of scalp hair and log‐transformed for analysis to correct skewness. Associations of grip strength with depressive symptoms and hair cortisol concentration were tested using linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, wealth, smoking status, physical activity, body mass index, limiting long‐standing illness, arthritis, diabetes, and hair treatment. Results The sample comprised of 3741 participants (mean age 68.4 years, 66.4% female). After adjustment for age and sex, grip strength was significantly and negatively associated with both depressive symptoms (B = −0.038, SE = 0.004, P < 0.001) and hair cortisol (B = −0.003, SE = 0.001, P = 0.029). However, in the fully‐adjusted models, both associations were attenuated and only the association with depressive symptoms remained statistically significant (B = −0.015, SE = 0.004, P < 0.001; hair cortisol B = −0.002, SE = 0.001, P = 0.088). Conclusion In a large sample of older adults in England, grip strength was negatively associated with depressive symptoms. Results were inconclusive regarding the association between grip strength and chronic stress. Further research examining the longitudinal relationships between muscular strength and specific aspects of mental health, while also exploring the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these associations, is warranted before recommendations for policy and practice can be made.

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“…This is in line with previous research in people with mental health problems which showed that leg muscle strength but not handgrip force is related to PA levels. A number of recent studies have demonstrated that among 4 physical performance measures, slow gait speed is the optimal predictor of future incident depression, cognitive decline, and mortality . Experiencing difficulty undertaking such physical performance measures may result in an older person becoming less physically active and may be a feasible brief test to identify older people at risk of developing future unwanted consequences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of physical activity among depressed older people in six low‐income and middle‐income countries: A community‐based cross‐sectional study

Vancampfort

Stubbs

Veronese

et al. 2017

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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Poor Physical Performance Predicts Future Onset of Depression in Elderly People: Progetto Veneto Anziani Longitudinal Study

Cited by 82 publications

References 45 publications

Reference values for handgrip strength and their association with intrinsic capacity domains among older adults

Reference values for handgrip strength and their association with intrinsic capacity domains among older adults

The association of grip strength with depressive symptoms and cortisol in hair: A cross‐sectional study of older adults

Correlates of physical activity among depressed older people in six low‐income and middle‐income countries: A community‐based cross‐sectional study

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