Poor peer relations in adolescence, social support in early adulthood, and depressive symptoms in later adulthood—evaluating mediation and interaction using four-way decomposition analysis

Bean, Christopher; Pingel, Ronnie; Hallqvist, Johan; Berg, Noora; Hammarström, Anne

doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.10.007

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…There is a paucity of research assessing the mediation effect of marijuana by alcohol on crash risk and crash initiation. Our study reveals that about 23% of the total effect of marijuana use on fatal 2-vehicle initiation is due to mediation through alcohol, which is consistent with the additive effect model of risk factors where one exposure contributes to another exposure that cumulatively increase the risk of the outcome (Bean et al 2019 ). Since the risk of crash initiation increases with BACs, the magnitude of the mediation effect of marijuana by alcohol is likely to increase with BACs in a dose-response fashion.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Direct and indirect effects of marijuana use on the risk of fatal 2-vehicle crash initiation

Chihuri

2020

Inj. Epidemiol.

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Background Marijuana and alcohol each play a significant role in fatal crash initiation. We decomposed the total effect of marijuana use in the presence or absence of alcohol on fatal crash initiation into direct and indirect effects. Methods Pair-matched data on 5856 culpable drivers (initiators) and 5856 nonculpable drivers (noninitiators) involved in the same fatal 2-vehicle crashes recorded in the Fatality Analysis Reporting System between 2011 and 2016 were analyzed using the conditional logistic regression model and the unified mediation and interaction analysis framework. Results Crash initiators were more likely than noninitiators to test positive for marijuana (16.1% vs. 9.2%, P < 0.001), alcohol (28.6% vs. 9.7%, P < 0.001) and both substances (6.3% vs. 1.6%, P < .0001). Adjusted odds ratios of fatal 2-vehicle crash initiation revealed a positive interaction on the additive scale between marijuana and alcohol. Of the total effect of marijuana use on fatal 2-vehicle crash initiation, 68.8% was attributable to the direct effect (51.5% to controlled direct effect and 17.3% to reference interaction effect with alcohol) and 31.2% to the indirect effect (7.8% to mediated interaction effect and 23.4% to pure indirect effect through alcohol). Conclusion Our results indicate that the increased odds of fatal 2-vehicle crash initiation associated with marijuana use is due mainly to the direct effect.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Direct and indirect effects of marijuana use on the risk of fatal 2-vehicle crash initiation

Chihuri

2020

Inj. Epidemiol.

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“…Unstandardized coefficients from models testing the association between adolescent peer dysfunction and adult depressive symptoms are presented in Figure 2 and Tables 2 and 3. The positive unadjusted association for self-reported adolescent peer dysfunction (b=1.28, p<.001) was consistent with findings from unrelated individuals (e.g., Bagwell et al, 2001;Bean et al, 2019;Landstedt et al, 2015;Modin et al, 2011), and was not attenuated when controlling for sex and other individual characteristics (i.e., depressive symptoms, age, and dysfunction in relations with siblings and parents) in adolescence (b=1.34, p=.003). The association remained significant in the sibling comparison model that controlled for familial confounding (b=1.15, p=.005).…”

Section: Adolescent Peer Dysfunction Adult Depression 15supporting

confidence: 73%

“…For example, if the association is entirely due to a confounder, a preventative intervention that successfully targets adolescents' peer functioning would have no impact on depression risk in adulthood. Previous studies indicate that statistically controlling for certain individual-level (e.g., sex, baseline depression severity) and/or family-level (e.g., socioeconomic status) confounders attenuatedbut did not fully explainthis relationship (Bean et al, 2019;Bowes et al, 2015;Landstedt et al, 2015). However, many potential family-level confounders (e.g., parental depression, maladaptive home environment, genetic characteristics; Gjerde et al, 2017;Silberg et al, 2010) have not been considered in prior studies, precluding stronger "causal" inferences.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prospectively Predicting Adult Depressive Symptoms from Adolescent Peer Dysfunction: A Sibling Comparison Study

Funkhouser¹

2022

Preprint

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Previous studies have shown that peer dysfunction in adolescence predicts depression in adulthood, even when controlling for certain individual- and/or family-level characteristics. However, these studies have not controlled for numerous potential familial confounders, precluding causal inferences. The present study therefore used a sibling comparison design (i.e., comparing siblings within families) to test whether peer dysfunction (e.g., lack of friendships, victimization) in adolescence continues to predict depression in adulthood after accounting for unmeasured familial confounds and individual characteristics in adolescence. Participants’ (N=85) dysfunction with peers was assessed in adolescence (mean age=13.21, SD=3.47) by self- and parent-report, and adult depressive symptoms was assessed up to five times, up to 38 years later. Multilevel modeling was used to examine the effect of adolescent peer dysfunction on adult depressive symptoms after adjusting for familial confounds and/or individual characteristics in adolescence (e.g., baseline depressive symptoms, dysfunctional relations with siblings/parents). Both self-reported (b=1.28, p<.001) and parent-reported (b=0.56, p=.032) adolescent peer dysfunction were associated with greater depressive symptoms severity in adulthood in unadjusted models. Self-reported (but not parent-reported) adolescent peer dysfunction continued to predict adult depressive symptoms after controlling for familial confounding and measured covariates such as adolescent depressive symptoms and relations with siblings and parents (b=1.06, p=.035). Although confidence intervals were wide and the potentially confounding effects of numerous individual-level factors were not ruled out, these findings provide preliminary evidence that perceived peer dysfunction in adolescence may be an unconfounded risk factor for depressive symptoms in adulthood.

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“…Y = Outcome (Alcohol misuse in adulthood).X = Exposure (Parental alcohol misuse); x* = No; x = Yes.M = Mediator (School performance); m* = At or below-average school marks; m = Above-average school marks.*Here, we build on the definitions proposed by Bean et al . 23 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergenerational transmission of alcohol misuse: mediation and interaction by school performance in a Swedish birth cohort

Almquist

Bishop

Gustafsson

et al. 2020

J Epidemiol Community Health

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BackgroundChildren whose parents misuse alcohol have increased risks of own alcohol misuse in adulthood. Though most attain lower school marks, some still perform well in school, which could be an indicator of resilience with protective potential against negative health outcomes. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to examine the processes of mediation and interaction by school performance regarding the intergenerational transmission of alcohol misuse.MethodsData were drawn from a prospective Swedish cohort study of children born in 1953 (n=14 608). Associations between parental alcohol misuse (ages 0–19) and participants’ own alcohol misuse in adulthood (ages 20–63) were examined by means of Cox regression analysis. Four-way decomposition was used to explore mediation and interaction by school performance in grade 6 (age 13), grade 9 (age 16) and grade 12 (age 19).ResultsMediation and/or interaction by school performance accounted for a substantial proportion of the association between parental alcohol misuse and own alcohol misuse in adulthood (58% for performance in grade 6, 27% for grade 9 and 30% for grade 12). Moreover, interaction effects appeared to be more important for the outcome than mediation.ConclusionAbove-average school performance among children whose parents misused alcohol seems to reflect processes of resilience with the potential to break the intergenerational transmission of alcohol misuse. Four-way decomposition offers a viable approach to disentangle processes of interaction from mediation, representing a promising avenue for future longitudinal research.

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Poor peer relations in adolescence, social support in early adulthood, and depressive symptoms in later adulthood—evaluating mediation and interaction using four-way decomposition analysis

Cited by 19 publications

References 41 publications

Direct and indirect effects of marijuana use on the risk of fatal 2-vehicle crash initiation

Direct and indirect effects of marijuana use on the risk of fatal 2-vehicle crash initiation

Prospectively Predicting Adult Depressive Symptoms from Adolescent Peer Dysfunction: A Sibling Comparison Study

Intergenerational transmission of alcohol misuse: mediation and interaction by school performance in a Swedish birth cohort

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